2017年全國英語等級(jí)考試四級(jí)聽力理解命題思路（二）

　　聽力考試的第二節(jié)考察考生理解具體或者總體信息的能力。考生根據(jù)聽到的一段280-320詞的獨(dú)白或?qū)υ�，補(bǔ)全考題中所給的句子或簡(jiǎn)要回答給出的問題。該小節(jié)錄音材料將播放兩遍。問題在提干中給出，不再在錄音中播放。本小節(jié)一共五道題，播放錄音前有25秒的答題時(shí)間，第一遍錄音放完后有50秒答題時(shí)間，第二遍錄音播放完后有30秒完成答案和檢查答案時(shí)間。

　　本節(jié)考試中仍以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，考查考生對(duì)給定范圍細(xì)節(jié)的定位和獲取事實(shí)性具體信息的能力。出題點(diǎn)集中在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、天氣、人物、數(shù)字、電話號(hào)碼和價(jià)格等細(xì)節(jié)信息上。由于考題中已給出所要求細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，因此考生只需要聽懂原文并進(jìn)行合理定位即可。主題題型比較簡(jiǎn)單，考察能力也與第一節(jié)相似。相對(duì)第一小節(jié)來說，聽力考試第二小節(jié)加入了考查考生把握全文總體信息能力的題型，如主觀題，態(tài)度題，推斷總結(jié)題等，因此加大了考試難度。要求考生對(duì)材料中涉及的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容以及材料中涉及的某個(gè)方面的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括，比如某個(gè)事件發(fā)生的背景，某種條件等;要求考生對(duì)對(duì)話或者獨(dú)白的主要內(nèi)容，主要目的，講話者的態(tài)度，立場(chǎng)能夠做出一定推斷。關(guān)鍵還是考生能不能在第一次聽后能否對(duì)材料有個(gè)大概的理解。如果可以的話，則第二次就能有的放矢。在該段材料的題目設(shè)計(jì)中大都是特殊疑問句。題目多關(guān)于材料的細(xì)節(jié)、情節(jié)和主題等。有時(shí)也要求考生對(duì)材料所給予的線索做出推斷。錄音材料一般以記敘文為主，素材廣泛。

　　經(jīng)典例題：

　　Part B

　　Direction:

　　For Question 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S. journalist. While you listen, complete the sentences and answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)

　　Besides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside the speaker’s home?6.

　　One reporter got to the speakers apartment pretending to pay7.

　　The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her looking8.

　　Where a correction to a false story is usually placed?9.

　　According to the speaker, the press will lose readers unless the editors and the news directors10.

　　[聽力原文]

　　W: When I was getting divorced in 1975,reporters and cameramen were camped out for days in the lobby and on the sidewalk outside. They came from all over the country. Foreign reporters too. It was terrible. My neighbors could barely get in and out of the building. One reporter, who had been a friend of mine, got up to my apartment after persuading the doorman into believing that he was there on a personal visit. I wouldn’t let him in .He just wanted to talk, he said. I was certain that he had a camera and wanted a picture of me looking depressed. I just couldn’t believe this attempt to invade my privacy. TV is the worst. TV reporters present themselves as shavings the perfect right to be anywhere, to ask any question. It doesn’t matter how personal the matter may be. People don’t trust the press the way they used to. In most cases, stories are sensationalized in groups to attract more public attention. Some papers print things that simply are not true. In many papers, if a correction has to be made, it is usually buried among advertisements. I have received hundreds of letters from people asking me how do you know what is true in the press these days. I find it difficult to respond sometimes. I tell them that there are good newspapers and serious, responsible and honest reporters. Don’t judge all of us by the standards of the bad ones. Unless the guys at the top—the editors and the news directors-take firm action, pretty soon no one is going to believe anything they read in the papers of see on television news.

　　M: You now have 50 seconds to check your answers to Questions 6-10.

　　導(dǎo)師精解：

　　6.答案來自When I was getting divorced in 1975,reporters and cameramen were camped out for days in the lobby and on the sidewalk outside. cameramen/camera men此題考察考生對(duì)具體信息的掌握和單詞記憶和掌握。答案來自在文章的開頭，是聽力考試中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的出題點(diǎn)。同時(shí)考生應(yīng)注意單復(fù)數(shù)拼寫。

　　7.答案來自O(shè)ne reporter, who had been a friend of mine, got up to my apartment after persuading the doorman into believing that he was there on a personal visit.此題考察考生對(duì)具體信息的掌握。應(yīng)抓住關(guān)鍵詞“pretending to pay”等詞，同時(shí)考察考生對(duì)短語pay a visit to的掌握。同時(shí)考生應(yīng)注意題目要求可以填入不多于三個(gè)詞。

　　8.答案來自I was certain that he had a camera and wanted a picture of me looking depressed.此題考察考生對(duì)具體信息的掌握和單詞拼寫掌握。注意depressed的拼法。同時(shí)考生應(yīng)注意depressed和depressing的過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別。

　　9.答案來自It is usually buried among advertisements.

　　among advertisements此題考察考生對(duì)具體信息的掌握和單詞拼寫的掌握。本題出現(xiàn)“where”這個(gè)詞提示是對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問，因此應(yīng)對(duì)涉及到地點(diǎn)的短語和介詞特別注意。

　　10.答案來自Unless the guys at the top -the editors and the news directors-take firm action, pretty soon no one is going to believe anything they read in the papers of see on television news. 此題考察考生對(duì)具體信息的掌握。此題由于句子比較長(zhǎng)又比較復(fù)雜因此難度比較大，但考生不要害怕，越是難句往往答案越簡(jiǎn)單，此處只要聽懂全文就很容易寫出答案。

　　題型分析：和第一節(jié)中全部是填充題不同，在第二節(jié)中，出現(xiàn)了簡(jiǎn)答題。這些簡(jiǎn)答題多為以what,how,when,where,who,why等特殊疑問詞開頭的特殊疑問句。因此，考生在注意時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、價(jià)格、人物等特定信息的同時(shí)，還要對(duì)聽力獨(dú)白或者對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的原因、背景、方式等具體信息進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)記憶。由于題干中要求本部分的答案不能超過三個(gè)單詞，因此，即使是在簡(jiǎn)單題中，答案也不能超過三個(gè)字。因此，要求考生具有提煉信息的能力。能夠分辨出聽力原文信息中的要害部分。