2018年公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法資料：虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣還可在主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)從句中使用：

　　1)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的使用：

　　It is important that we work hard. It is essential that the mission not fail.

　　It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 廢除這項(xiàng)稅收是合適的。

　　另外，在有些這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，這是多帶有一些情感色彩，可譯為“竟然”等表示一種不可思議的狀況：

　　It seems so unfair this should happen to me.

　　I think it is dreadful that anyone could be so miserable. 有人竟然這樣悲慘，我感到太可怕了。

　　It’s strange that she should be so late.

　　That they should do such a wicked thing is unthinkable.

　　2)用在表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

　　Our decision is that the school remain closed.

　　Sophia’s idea was that they should lock up the house.

　　Their suggestion is that every member attend at least one meeting per year.

　　3)用在同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

　　He made the suggestion that they carry on their conversation in Japanese.

　　They expressed the wish that they be given more free time.

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用

　　在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，特別是在下面幾類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)中：

　　1)as if, as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句：

　　這類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)形式和一般虛擬語(yǔ)氣差不多，表示現(xiàn)在的情況時(shí)用過(guò)去虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示過(guò)去情況時(shí)用完成形式：

　　a. I have loved you as if you were my son. He talks as though he knew where she was.

　　b. He talks (talked) about Rome as though he had been there himself.

　　. Fancy you sitting there as if nothing had happened.

　　在look, seem, taste, smell后，as if引導(dǎo)的從句中可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣：

　　It looks as if they are in a terrible hurry. It seems as if we shall have to walk.

　　The meat tastes as if it has gone bad. The milk smells as if it is sour.

　　2)在“be+形容詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)后的從句，有時(shí)用should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)：

　　I’m surprised that you should press the suggestion.

　　He was amazed that some countries should express indignation at it.

　　他很驚訝有些國(guó)家竟對(duì)此感到憤怒。

　　They’re especially anxious that you should come. They were insistent that we be ready.

　　(這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)候可能更多一些)