2018年公共英語四級重點語法資料:倒裝句
倒裝句
英語中常見的倒裝句,除某些疑問句和引導詞there開頭的固定倒裝句型外,還有下列一些情況需要用倒裝語序:
1.在以here, there或out, in, up, down, away等副詞開頭的句子里表示強調或表達生動時。
Here comes the bus. Away went the girl.
注意:如果主語是代詞時,不用此倒裝結構,例如:
Here it comes. Away he went.
2.only修飾狀語位于句首時,后面引起部分倒裝。
Only in this way can you improve your listening.只有用這種方法你才能提高你的聽力。
Only when my home town was liberated in 1949 was I able to go to school.
只有在1949年我家鄉(xiāng)解放時,我才能上學。
注意:只限于修飾狀語且狀語可長可短,only修飾其他成分時則不倒裝。例如:
Only he can work out such a difficult math problem.
Only him we could find in the classroom just now.
(only在此強調主語和賓語,后面并不引起倒裝)
3.含有否定意義的副詞或連詞位于句首時,起強調作用,后面引起部分倒裝。例如:
Not until yesterday did I receive his letter. Not a single mistake did I make.
注意:
1)在not only…but also…結構中,僅在not only句中引起倒裝,but also句中不用倒裝形式。
Not only did I pay off all my debts, but I saved some money to build a new house.
我不僅還清了債務,還攢錢蓋了一幢新房子。
2)這些否定副詞如不放在句首,句中不用倒裝結構。例如:
He seldom gets up early.(比較:Seldom does he get up early.)
4.so, neither, not位于句首,表示后面與前面情況相同時,后面用全部倒裝結構。
My mother is a teacher. So am I. He has never been abroad, neither have I.
注意:
1)so用在句首強調狀語時,后面用部分倒裝。例如:
So loudly did he speak that everyone in the classroom could hear him clearly.
2)so如果在后面表示重復前面的意思時(so=yes),后面不用倒裝。例如:
It was cold yesterday. So it was. (比較:So is it today.)
5.as引起的讓步狀語從句中,被強調部分置于句首。
注意:
名詞前不用冠詞,最高級前不加the
Child as he is, he knows a lot. Youngest as she is, she studies best in our class.
6.在虛擬語氣條件從句+主句的結構中,條件從句如果省略掉,須將were, had, should等助動詞和主語點到,形成部分倒裝。
Should he come this morning, tell him to come to my office.
如果他今天早上來,告訴他到我辦公室來。
Were I you, I would not let him go. 如果我是你,我就不讓他走。
7.頻率副詞以及thus, so等副詞位于句首時,后面用部分倒裝結構。如often, always, once, a time等。
Often do I tell him about my life here. Thus was the Emperor cheated.
8.在how和what引起的感嘆句中,以及表示祝愿的句子中,可用倒裝結構。例如:
How beautiful the garden is! May you be healthy and happy forever!
根據(jù)以上分析,可以把倒裝的部分情況總結成下表:
名稱 |
倒裝規(guī)則 |
例句 |
全部倒裝 |
當副詞in, on, out, up, down, away, here, there等位于句首時 |
1. There goes the bell. 2. Out rushed the girl. 3. In came a woman. 4. A way flew the bird. 但主語為代詞時,則不倒裝: 1. Here it is. 2. Away they went. 3. Not until I see it with my own eyes do I believe it. |
部分倒裝 |
1. only+狀語謂語句首時 2. 當hardly, not, no, never, little, neither, nor, seldom位于句首作狀語時 3. 當so, such位于句首時 4. 當as引導讓步狀語從句時 5.當not only位于句首時 |
1. I like music, so does she. 2. Such loud noise was there that I could hardly hear it. 3. Young as he is, he knows more than you. 4. Not only did he likes reading stories, but also he could even write some. |
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