Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world' s favorite academic title : the MBA ( Master of Business Administration).

　　The MBA, a 20th century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.

　　But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates,about 79,000 people were expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.

　　"If you are going into the, corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one, " said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. "But in the last five years or so, when someone asks, ' Should I attempt to get an MBA?" The answer a lot more is: ' It depends. ' "

　　The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.

　　The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires "extremely disappointing" and said "MBAs want to move up too fast, they don' t understand politics and people, and they aren' t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they' re out looking for other jobs. "

　　The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an image of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.

　　Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a drive against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women' s movement.

　　Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. "They don' t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business", said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Pen-in Management Consulting Firm.

　　46. According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?

　　A. Scornful.

　　B. Appreciative.

　　C. Envious.

　　D. Realistic.

　　47. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by .

　　A. the complaints from various employers

　　B. the success of many non-MBAs

　　C. the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines

　　D. the poor performance of MBAs at work

　　48. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?

　　A. They are usually self-centered.

　　B. They are aggressive and greedy.

　　C. They keep complaining about their jobs.

　　D. They are not good at dealing with people.

　　49. From the passage we know that most MBAs

　　A. can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly

　　B. quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates

　　C. receive salaries that do not match their professional training

　　D. cherish unrealistic expectations about their future

　　50. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. The reason for an enrollment in MBA programs.

　　B. The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.

　　C. Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.

　　D. A debate held recently on university campuses.

　　閱讀賞析

　　本文首先以比爾·蓋茨為例來(lái)對(duì)現(xiàn)在風(fēng)靡世界的MBA(工商管理學(xué)碩士)的價(jià)值表示質(zhì)疑，緊接著討論了人們對(duì)MBA的看法，指出MBA實(shí)際上只是一個(gè)擁有未來(lái)財(cái)富的形象，而其重要性和實(shí)用性卻并不大，獲得 MBA的人往往會(huì)做理論分析，而不善于利用和處理公司中的人際關(guān)系。 MBA人才欠缺的正是與人打交道和激勵(lì)人的本領(lǐng)。

　　答案及解析

　　46.A

　　【命題目的】此題考查考生推斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的能力。

　　【解題要點(diǎn)】第二段中“l(fā)owly commerce”和“greed”有明顯的輕視意味。A項(xiàng)意為“輕蔑的”，B項(xiàng)意為“贊賞的”，c項(xiàng)意為“嫉妒的”，D 項(xiàng)意為“現(xiàn)實(shí)的”。

　　47.B

　　【命題目的】此題考查對(duì)文章信息的捕捉。

　　【解題要點(diǎn)】段提到“億萬(wàn)富翁和微軟主席比爾·蓋茨，沒(méi)有任何大學(xué)學(xué)歷，通過(guò)其成功引起人們對(duì)商界所喜愛(ài)的MBA學(xué)術(shù)頭銜的價(jià)值的新的懷疑”，第五段更明確地指出“比爾·蓋茨及其他非MBA人士的成功，激起了人們對(duì)商校學(xué)位價(jià)值的自省式的爭(zhēng)論”，恰和B 項(xiàng)吻合。

　　48.D

　　【命題目的】此題考查對(duì)文章信息的理解。

　　【解題要點(diǎn)】第六段談到“MBA人想很快提升，他們不懂政治，不懂人事，他們直到3年后才能與集體協(xié)作，可那時(shí)，他們已轉(zhuǎn)向其他工作了”，即“MBA人不善于處理人際關(guān)系”。A項(xiàng)有可能是“不善于處理人際關(guān)系”的原因，但原文沒(méi)有明確提出，因而不選，而B、c兩項(xiàng)文中未提及，因而也不選。

　　49.D

　　【命題目的】此題考查對(duì)文章信息的捕捉。

　　【解題要點(diǎn)】此題用排除法，文中均未提過(guò)ABC三項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法，而 D項(xiàng)則在第七段可找到相似說(shuō)法。“The problem…is that the MBA has acquired an image of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness”，即“問(wèn)題在于…MBA已被套上了一圈光 環(huán)，其對(duì)未來(lái)權(quán)力及富裕的期望遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了它自身實(shí)際的重要性和 用途�！�

　　50.C

　　【命題目的】此題考查學(xué)生綜合概括中心思想的能力。

　　【解題要點(diǎn)】A項(xiàng)“為什么MBA項(xiàng)目要招生”，是無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)。8項(xiàng)“改革 MBA項(xiàng)目的必要性”，說(shuō)得過(guò)于肯定，文中意見尚未到達(dá)論證“必須 改革”的地步。D項(xiàng)“在大學(xué)校園上展開的一場(chǎng)辯論”，說(shuō)得過(guò)于泛 泛。文章從頭至尾圍繞一個(gè)主題“doubts or debates over the worth of MBA”。

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