Often referred to as "the heart of a factoring organization", the credit department is responsible for granting credit to clients' customers and for collecting the accounts receivable purchased by the factor. When factored clients submit customer orders for credit approval, the credit department analyzes the financial condition and credit worthiness of the customer, and then makes a decision to approve or decline the order. The department must then monitor the condition of approved customers and collect all due receivables. Careful credit checking and effective collection procedures in this department can greatly reduce the risks inherent in factoring.

　　As the head of the credit department, the credit manager is responsible for seeing that the department operates effectively. He must develop the factor' s credit policies in consultation with senior factoring associates, and he is in overall command of everything from credit and collections to bankruptcy and liquidations. If the factor is a commercial bank division, the credit manager is a bank' s vice president, and credit policy must also be approved by top management of the bank.

　　Assisting the credit manager may be several supervisors who have credit responsibilities of their own and who also oversee the analysis and approval of customer orders by the credit specialists. Credit supervisors typically spend about eighty percent of their time handling large customer orders. If a customer order exceeds a supervisor' s credit authority , he is responsible for making recommendations to the credit manager. A supervisor also reviews a subordinate' s credit decision if the subordinate is unsure of the extent of the credit risk or if a client questions a particular credit decision.

　　In extremely large credit exposures, supervisors bear the responsibility for analyzing the credit position of the customers and deciding on credit limits. To do this, they must regularly obtain current data from various credit information sources. They must also have extensive contact with each customer to determine operational performance and progress. Frequently, supervisors are called upon to give advice on what should be done to improve a company' S financial condition. Meeting all these responsibilities requires that each supervisor continuously observe and study the industries with which he is concerned, so that he is capable of anticipating market changes which may affect his accounts.

　　A supervisor' s major challenge is to maintain a fine balance between the demands of clients that all their customer orders be approved and the questionable financial position of some of the customers. In reviewing any credit decision, a supervisor must be capable of weighing a variety of elements, including the possibility of losing the client, the customer' s credit position, and the extent of any possible loss.

　　41. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. The credit manager' s responsibility.

　　B. The supervisor' s responsibility.

　　C. The working procedures of a credit department.

　　D. The command and control in the credit department.

　　42. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. The credit policy can be a part of a commercial bank' s policy.

　　B. The credit policy rests only with the credit manager.

　　C. The supervisors are the helping hands of the credit manager.

　　D. A credit manager of the credit department is not necessarily a bank' s leading person.

　　43. By "a customer order", the customer is most probably trying to get

　　A. some goods from the factor

　　B. some money from the factor

　　C. some goods from the factor' s client

　　D. some money from the factor' s client

　　44. "Credit exposures ”probably means

　　A. uncovered risks

　　B. approved limits

　　C. expected sums

　　D. protected sources

　　45. The word " anticipating" (Para.4, Sent.5)can be safely replaced by

　　A. bringing

　　B. preventing

　　C. protecting

　　D. expecting

　　閱讀賞析

　　本文主要講述了信用部門的職責(zé)和權(quán)力。作為代理機(jī)構(gòu)的核心，信用部門對(duì)客戶信貸活動(dòng)負(fù)責(zé)，并收集應(yīng)收款項(xiàng)。信用部門主管，即信用經(jīng)理，有責(zé)任使整個(gè)部門正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，由幾個(gè)部門監(jiān)督人員來協(xié)助其工作。在信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極大的情況下，監(jiān)督人員有責(zé)任分析客戶的信用情況并決定信用限制。但他們也面臨挑戰(zhàn)，要協(xié)調(diào)主管對(duì)客人訂單的需要和信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的平衡。

　　答案及解析

　　41.D

　　【命題目的】此題考查考生歸納中心思想的能力。

　　【解題要點(diǎn)】文章句，“信用部是代理機(jī)構(gòu)的核心，負(fù)責(zé)給委托人的客戶發(fā)放貸款以及收集代理商購買的應(yīng)收賬目”。全文圍繞此句展開，講解“信用部的管理和控制”。A、B、c三項(xiàng)文章都提到了，但是都只是一個(gè)方面，不夠概括。

　　42.B

　　【命題目的】此題考查對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的捕捉。

　　【解題要點(diǎn)】文章第二段第二句提到“信用經(jīng)理要和幾個(gè)信用合作人 協(xié)商過后，才能制定信用政策”，所以，8項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。第三段句 “幾個(gè)有信用責(zé)任的監(jiān)督人協(xié)助信用經(jīng)理并監(jiān)督其他信用專家的工 作”，所以c項(xiàng)是正確的。第二段后一句表明“信用經(jīng)理可以是副 行長”，即“不一定是銀行的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，故D項(xiàng)是正確的。

　　43.D

　　【命題目的】此題考查語句釋義能力。

　　【解題要點(diǎn)】factor意為“代理商，代理經(jīng)營，代管”，client意為“代理委托人”，customer“客戶”。a customer order意為“客戶訂單”，即“向代理委托人貸款的請求”。首先，factor即“代理商”是不會(huì)直接發(fā)給顧客任何事物或金錢的，先排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。段第二句詳細(xì)解釋了代理商要如何審查客戶的還款能力和信用度，由此可知是客戶希望貸款。

　　44.A

　　【命題目的】此題考查語句釋義能力。

　　【解題要點(diǎn)】A項(xiàng)意為“信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，B項(xiàng)意為“通過的限額”，C項(xiàng)意 為“預(yù)期的數(shù)額”，D項(xiàng)意為“受保護(hù)的來源”。上文提到“the extent of the credit risk or if a client questions a particular credit decision”.此處緊承上文，作出表述，因而可推測“credit exposure”意為“信用風(fēng) 險(xiǎn)”。

　　45.D

　　【命題目的】此題考查單詞釋義能力。

　　【解題要點(diǎn)】A項(xiàng)意為“帶來”，8項(xiàng)意為“防止”，C項(xiàng)意為“保護(hù)”，D 項(xiàng)意為“期待”。做這類題，如果不認(rèn)識(shí)所有單詞，可以通過上下文來推測，上文提到“監(jiān)督人必須不斷地研究自己所在的領(lǐng)域才能承擔(dān)其所有的責(zé)任”，推測這樣做的目的是“了解這一領(lǐng)域的情況，避免市場’的變化帶來的沖擊”，因?yàn)椤笆袌龅淖兓�”是一種不利因素，是需要避免的，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。而僅靠“了解所在領(lǐng)域的情況”是不可能 “阻止”市場變化的，也排除B項(xiàng)。

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