In movies，we often see the most popular teens dominate their peers on a mission.We know these stereotypes (陳規(guī)舊習(xí)) all too well and assume they are just that-blown up generalizations.But movies aside，is there some underlying truth that being popular makes teens more aggressive?

　　Published in the February issue of the journal American Sociological Review，one study followed approximately 3，700 students in 8th，9th and 10th grades for one school year and found that popular adolescents were more likely to act aggressively to climb the social hierarchy (等級(jí)制度) among their peers.This trend was apparent in both sexes.

　　Although popular teens were more likely to act aggressively，the researchers found an exception：adolescents in the top and the bottom parts of the social hierarchy displayed the least aggression toward others.

　　Robert Faris，a sociologist at the University of California，Davis，and co­author of the study，says this may be because teens at the bottom of the totem pole (等級(jí)) don’t have the social power to pay off (成功) being aggressive，while kids at the top have no need to assert (維護(hù)) themselves.

　　“If an adolescent at the top of the social hierarchy were to act aggressively toward his or her peers，such action could signal insecurity or weakness rather than cement (鞏固) the student’s position...”Faris says in a UC Davis Press Release.Simply put，the most popular kids have an easier time maintaining their statuses by being nice.

　　In the study，aggression was defined as any activity intended to “harm or cause pain” in another person.“Whether aggression is actually successful in promoting students to the top of the social ranks is still unclear，”the authors said.

　　【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，受歡迎的青少年往往會(huì)支配別人，在行為上表現(xiàn)得更富有攻擊性。

　　What does the passage mainly tell us?

　　A.What causes teens to be aggressive?

　　B.Popular teens are more aggressive.

　　C.Aggression helps teens be popular.

　　D.What kind of teens can be popular?

　　解析：選B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容以及全文敘述可知，本文主要告訴我們：受歡迎的青少年往往更富有攻擊性。

　　Teens at the bottom of the totem pole are not aggressive probably because________.

　　A.they can’t succeed by being aggressive

　　B.they can succeed by being nice

　　C.they needn’t be aggressive

　　D.they are well treated by others

　　解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第四段內(nèi)容可知，處于社會(huì)底層的孩子沒(méi)有能力通過(guò)表現(xiàn)攻擊性來(lái)獲得社會(huì)地位。

　　According to Faris，if a boy at the top of the social hierarchy is aggressive to others，it shows that________.

　　A.he is no longer popular with others

　　B.he is really weak inside

　　C.he can’t keep his position

　　D.he wants to show his power

　　解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，最受歡迎的孩子如果表現(xiàn)出攻擊性，這是他們內(nèi)心沒(méi)有安全感和心虛的表現(xiàn)。

　　We can infer from the fifth paragraph that the most popular kids________.

　　A.tend to be more aggressive

　　B.don’t dominate other teens in a group

　　C.have more difficulty in maintaining their status

　　D.don’t have to be aggressive to keep their status

　　解析：選D。推理判斷題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，最受歡迎的孩子靠展示自己好的一面就可以維持其社會(huì)地位，沒(méi)必要表現(xiàn)出攻擊性。

　　B

　　“Choo, Choo!” Here comes the Chunnel train.Get aboard if you want to learn more about this underground transportation system.This is an unusual form of transportation，because it is a tunnel that trains travel through and not an actual form of transportation.

　　The Chunnel is actually the English nickname for the Channel Tunnel.In French, it is called Le tunnel sous la Manche.It is a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Straits of Dover.It connects Cheriton in Kent，England with Sangatte in northern France.It is the second longest rail tunnel in the world.

　　Did you know that the British and the French had a race while they were building the Chunnel?The race was to see who could get to the middle of the tunnel first.The British won by a little bit.It took 15，000 workers over seven years to dig the tunnel.The tunnel was finished in 1994.

　　The completed Chunnel cost about $ 21 billion.But it all paid off，because it became very popular，very quick.Millions of people use it.Now it is getting even more popular.

　　There are three complete tunnels in the Chunnel.The two outside ones are the passenger trains.The small inner one is a guidance train.The guidance train is not used for transportation.Each track is exactly parallel to each other.

　　There are four different train systems in the Chunnel.The Eurostar is a high speed passenger service that connects London，Paris，Brussels，and Lille.The Eurotunnel shuttle is a rail ferry service.These shuttles carry cars and vans.These are railcars that allow drivers to drive their vehicles on and off.There are also two Eurotunnel goods service trains.

　　Now you know more about the Chunnel.Everybody off，this is the last stop.

　　【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　英吉利海峽隧道，又稱(chēng)海峽隧道或歐洲隧道。它的規(guī)模之大，耗時(shí)之長(zhǎng)，費(fèi)用之巨，設(shè)計(jì)之巧，讓世人嘆為觀止。

　　The Channel Tunnel links________with________.

　　A.London;Paris　　　　 B.Cheriton;Sangatte

　　C.Lille;Brussels D.Dover;Kent

　　解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的內(nèi)容可知英吉利海峽隧道連接的是英國(guó)的Cheriton和法國(guó)的Sangatte。

　　Which of the following shows the structure of the tunnels in the Chunnel?

　　解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“three complete tunnels;two outside ones;The small inner one”可判斷A項(xiàng)是隧道的構(gòu)造圖。

　　The Eurotunnel shuttle is intended to carry________.

　　A.passengers

　　B.drivers and their vehicles

　　C.goods

　　D.staff members of the Chunnel

　　解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句、第四句和第五句中的內(nèi)容可知這種隧道用來(lái)運(yùn)載司機(jī)和車(chē)輛。

　　The text can most probably be________.

　　A.found in a guidebook

　　B.read in a magazine

　　C.broadcast on a train

　　D.heard in a railway station

　　解析：選C。推理判斷題。結(jié)合第一段第二句中的內(nèi)容以及最后一段中的內(nèi)容可推斷本文是列車(chē)上的廣播內(nèi)容。

　　In movies，we often see the most popular teens dominate their peers on a mission.We know these stereotypes (陳規(guī)舊習(xí)) all too well and assume they are just that-blown up generalizations.But movies aside，is there some underlying truth that being popular makes teens more aggressive?

　　Published in the February issue of the journal American Sociological Review，one study followed approximately 3，700 students in 8th，9th and 10th grades for one school year and found that popular adolescents were more likely to act aggressively to climb the social hierarchy (等級(jí)制度) among their peers.This trend was apparent in both sexes.

　　Although popular teens were more likely to act aggressively，the researchers found an exception：adolescents in the top and the bottom parts of the social hierarchy displayed the least aggression toward others.

　　Robert Faris，a sociologist at the University of California，Davis，and co­author of the study，says this may be because teens at the bottom of the totem pole (等級(jí)) don’t have the social power to pay off (成功) being aggressive，while kids at the top have no need to assert (維護(hù)) themselves.

　　“If an adolescent at the top of the social hierarchy were to act aggressively toward his or her peers，such action could signal insecurity or weakness rather than cement (鞏固) the student’s position...”Faris says in a UC Davis Press Release.Simply put，the most popular kids have an easier time maintaining their statuses by being nice.

　　In the study，aggression was defined as any activity intended to “harm or cause pain” in another person.“Whether aggression is actually successful in promoting students to the top of the social ranks is still unclear，”the authors said.

　　【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，受歡迎的青少年往往會(huì)支配別人，在行為上表現(xiàn)得更富有攻擊性。

　　What does the passage mainly tell us?

　　A.What causes teens to be aggressive?

　　B.Popular teens are more aggressive.

　　C.Aggression helps teens be popular.

　　D.What kind of teens can be popular?

　　解析：選B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容以及全文敘述可知，本文主要告訴我們：受歡迎的青少年往往更富有攻擊性。

　　Teens at the bottom of the totem pole are not aggressive probably because________.

　　A.they can’t succeed by being aggressive

　　B.they can succeed by being nice

　　C.they needn’t be aggressive

　　D.they are well treated by others

　　解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第四段內(nèi)容可知，處于社會(huì)底層的孩子沒(méi)有能力通過(guò)表現(xiàn)攻擊性來(lái)獲得社會(huì)地位。

　　According to Faris，if a boy at the top of the social hierarchy is aggressive to others，it shows that________.

　　A.he is no longer popular with others

　　B.he is really weak inside

　　C.he can’t keep his position

　　D.he wants to show his power

　　解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，最受歡迎的孩子如果表現(xiàn)出攻擊性，這是他們內(nèi)心沒(méi)有安全感和心虛的表現(xiàn)。

　　We can infer from the fifth paragraph that the most popular kids________.

　　A.tend to be more aggressive

　　B.don’t dominate other teens in a group

　　C.have more difficulty in maintaining their status

　　D.don’t have to be aggressive to keep their status

　　解析：選D。推理判斷題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，最受歡迎的孩子靠展示自己好的一面就可以維持其社會(huì)地位，沒(méi)必要表現(xiàn)出攻擊性。

　　B

　　“Choo, Choo!” Here comes the Chunnel train.Get aboard if you want to learn more about this underground transportation system.This is an unusual form of transportation，because it is a tunnel that trains travel through and not an actual form of transportation.

　　The Chunnel is actually the English nickname for the Channel Tunnel.In French, it is called Le tunnel sous la Manche.It is a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Straits of Dover.It connects Cheriton in Kent，England with Sangatte in northern France.It is the second longest rail tunnel in the world.

　　Did you know that the British and the French had a race while they were building the Chunnel?The race was to see who could get to the middle of the tunnel first.The British won by a little bit.It took 15，000 workers over seven years to dig the tunnel.The tunnel was finished in 1994.

　　The completed Chunnel cost about $ 21 billion.But it all paid off，because it became very popular，very quick.Millions of people use it.Now it is getting even more popular.

　　There are three complete tunnels in the Chunnel.The two outside ones are the passenger trains.The small inner one is a guidance train.The guidance train is not used for transportation.Each track is exactly parallel to each other.

　　There are four different train systems in the Chunnel.The Eurostar is a high speed passenger service that connects London，Paris，Brussels，and Lille.The Eurotunnel shuttle is a rail ferry service.These shuttles carry cars and vans.These are railcars that allow drivers to drive their vehicles on and off.There are also two Eurotunnel goods service trains.

　　Now you know more about the Chunnel.Everybody off，this is the last stop.

　　【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　英吉利海峽隧道，又稱(chēng)海峽隧道或歐洲隧道。它的規(guī)模之大，耗時(shí)之長(zhǎng)，費(fèi)用之巨，設(shè)計(jì)之巧，讓世人嘆為觀止。

　　The Channel Tunnel links________with________.

　　A.London;Paris　　　　 B.Cheriton;Sangatte

　　C.Lille;Brussels D.Dover;Kent

　　解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的內(nèi)容可知英吉利海峽隧道連接的是英國(guó)的Cheriton和法國(guó)的Sangatte。

　　Which of the following shows the structure of the tunnels in the Chunnel?

　　解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“three complete tunnels;two outside ones;The small inner one”可判斷A項(xiàng)是隧道的構(gòu)造圖。

　　The Eurotunnel shuttle is intended to carry________.

　　A.passengers

　　B.drivers and their vehicles

　　C.goods

　　D.staff members of the Chunnel

　　解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句、第四句和第五句中的內(nèi)容可知這種隧道用來(lái)運(yùn)載司機(jī)和車(chē)輛。

　　The text can most probably be________.

　　A.found in a guidebook

　　B.read in a magazine

　　C.broadcast on a train

　　D.heard in a railway station

　　解析：選C。推理判斷題。結(jié)合第一段第二句中的內(nèi)容以及最后一段中的內(nèi)容可推斷本文是列車(chē)上的廣播內(nèi)容。

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