Sometimes,you just can’t help it.Maybe you’re watching a sad movie,or thinking about the friend who moved away.Next thing you know,you feel pressure in your throat,your eyes are watering,and you have tears running down your cheeks.

　　According to Ad Vingerhoets,a professor of psychology at Tilburg University,in the Netherlands,who is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying,there are three types of tears.Basal tears are the first type.They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the world.Next are reflex tears.They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them.Finally,there are emotional tears.“These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets.

　　Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans develop and learn to depend on each other.“Humans are very complex social creatures,” says Lauren Bylsma,a professor at the University of Pittsburgh,in Pennsylvania.“It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,” she says.

　　Vingerhoets agrees.“I think that the reason why humans shed tears(流眼淚)has something to do with our childhood,”he says.“That’s the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care.The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.”Vingerhoets says this ability could have come in handy in prehistoric times,when humans were living among dangerous animals.Tears were a safer way to get attention.“In this case,it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help,”he says.

　　Vingerhoets and Byhma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry.According to Byhma,there is still much more to be discovered.

　　【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】文章從科學(xué)的角度分析了淚水的種類(lèi)及原因等內(nèi)容。

　　1.In the scientists’ opinion,crying is 　　　.

　　A.a sign of human evolution

　　B.a result of human kindness

　　C.a cause of personal growth

　　D.a means of relying on each other

　　答案　D

　　解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans develop and learn to depend on each other.”可知,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為哭和人類(lèi)如何發(fā)展以及如何彼此依靠有關(guān)系,所以哭是人們互相依靠的一種方式。

　　2.The underlined phrase “this ability” in the fourth paragraph refers to the ability to 　　　.

　　A.seek help wisely

　　B.aim tears at someone

　　C.cry emotionally

　　D.appeal to other people

　　答案　B

　　解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.”可知,Vingerhoets認(rèn)為淚水的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)就是你可以向某一個(gè)特定的人流淚。由此可知,this ability指將淚水指向一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)的能力,故B選項(xiàng)正確。

　　3.From the text,we learn that Ad Vingerhoets and Lauren Bylsma 　　　.

　　A.hold different opinions about the cause of tears

　　B.think positively of the effects of tears

　　C.are working together to study tears

　　D.have learned enough about tears

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others” 以及第四段中的“Vingerhoets agrees”可知,Lauren Bylsma和Vingerhoets都認(rèn)為淚水可以幫助尋求別人的幫助和支持。由此可知,他們都認(rèn)可淚水的積極作用,所以選B項(xiàng)。

　　4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

　　A.The types of tears.

　　B.The components of tears.

　　C.The science of tears.

　　D.The opinions about tears.

　　答案　C

　　解析　主旨大意題。文章從科學(xué)的角度,分析了淚水的種類(lèi)及原因等內(nèi)容,所以C項(xiàng)適合作該文標(biāo)題。

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