2016公共英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試二級(jí)語(yǔ)法辨析：表方位的介詞

　　at, on, in at指一個(gè)“點(diǎn)”或“小地方”;

　　in指一個(gè)“地區(qū)”或“大地方”空間內(nèi);on在某一平面或線上面。 They arrived at the village at ten.

　　Your pencil is in the desk.

　　Your pencil is on the desk.

　　on, above, over

　　on“與物體接觸”反義詞為“beneath”;over“在…正上方”反義為“under”;above“在…的上方”反義詞為“below”。

　　There’s a book on the desk and a pen beneath the book.

　　There’s a lamp over the desk and a bag under the table.

　　Jack’s bedroom is above mine on the second floor.

　　over, across, through across“表面跨過(guò)”;

　　through“從中間或從頭至尾穿過(guò)”;

　　over“從上空越過(guò)”。

　　He’s swimming across the river.

　　They walked through the forest.

　　A plane is flying over the city.

　　at, beside, by, next to, near

　　at靠得“最近”;

　　beside“在并排一條線上”;

　　by“在并排一條線上”;

　　next to“在順序上緊靠旁邊”;

　　near 靠得“最遠(yuǎn)”，不表明確方向或順序。

　　Let’s meet at the school gate.

　　The building beside the library is the shopping center.

　　The boy standing by my side is from Shanghai.

　　Who’s sitting next to/beside Mr.Steve?

　　about, round, around. about表示周?chē)�是隨意的，不規(guī)則的;round或around(二者無(wú)多大差別)的周?chē)鷦t是較完整的一個(gè)圈。

　　Don’t leave the toys about the meeting-room.

　　They are sitting round/around the table.

　　to, for, at to “運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向，目的地”;

　　for “動(dòng)身出發(fā)的目的地”;

　　at “有意攻擊的目標(biāo)”。 Throw it to me.

　　He’ll leave for Shanghai.

　　He threw the ball at that boy.

　　up, down up指“往上，往北，大地方，靠攏”;

　　down指“向下，往南，向小地方，往開(kāi)走”但在一市區(qū)，去中心區(qū)用down,去郊區(qū)等用up。

　　They are going up the hill.

　　They are going down river.

　　I’m going down town shopping.

　　on, in, to in表“在某地區(qū)內(nèi)”;

　　on表“接壤”;

　　to表“在某地區(qū)以外”。

　　Shanghai is in the south of China.

　　Hunan lies on the north of Guangdong.

　　Xichang lies to the south west of Chengdu.

　　between,among between指“兩者之間”;

　　among指“在三者以上之間”。

　　There’s a river between the two villages.

　　There’s a small house among the trees.

　　besides

　　except

　　except for

　　except that

　　but

　　but for besides“除…之外還有，”實(shí)際不排除;

　　except“除…外”表“排除”，不放在句首;

　　except for表整體肯定補(bǔ)充細(xì)節(jié)，表除去整體中的一部分;

　　except that“除了…外”，后接從句;

　　but通常與all, no, every, where, who what及有些它們的合成詞連用;but for“要不是”，后面句子常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　I love music besides sports.

　　The house is never used except in winter.

　　The bus is empty except for an old woman.

　　I don’t know Peter except that he’s an Japanese.

　　There’s nothing but a chair in the room.

　　But for your help,I wouldn’t have finished my homework.