"Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?" Lindsey whispers to Tori.

　　With her eyes shining, Tori brags, "You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago."

　　Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happened to be yours truly, Adam Freedman, I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip (閑話).I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.

　　An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.

　　If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (傳言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the "in group". In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (優(yōu)越感).

　　Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.

　　The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your "juicy story" might have.

　　1. The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to _________.

　　A. introduce a topic B. present an argument

　　C. describe the characters D. clarify his writing purpose

　　2. In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it ______.

　　A. gives them a feeling of pleasure B. help them to make more friends

　　C. makes them better at telling stories D. enables them to meet important people

　　3. Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can ____________.

　　A. provide students with written rules

　　B. help people watch their own behaviors

　　C. force school to improve student handbooks

　　D. attract the police's attention to group behaviors

　　4. What advice does the author give in the passage?

　　A. Never become a gossiper B. Stay away from gossipers

　　C. Don't let gossip turn into lies D. Think twice before you gossip

　　參考答案

　　1.A 2.A 3.B 4.D

　　【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章最開始由一個例子引出要說的主題，討論了傳言的危害并舉出了例子和人們?yōu)槭裁聪矚g傳閑話，和說閑話帶給人們的滿足感以及流言帶來的影響。

　　1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段的Many of our conversations are gossip.即我們的話題很多都是閑話，可知開頭的對話是為了介紹本文的主題，故選A。

　　2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段的The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us,可知人們散播傳言是因為它會帶來滿足感，故選A。

　　3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.可知他認為傳言能幫助人們觀察自身的行為，故選B。

　　4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. 可知作者的建議是讓人們在傳言之前三思而后行。故選D。

　　Only in that way can we benefit from them.

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