非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)

　　1. 要求動(dòng)詞+-ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

　　有些動(dòng)詞只要求動(dòng)詞+-ing作賓語(yǔ), 這類動(dòng)詞有:admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, prevent, quit, regret, require, resent, resist, risk, stop, suggest, understand, can’t help (couldn’t help), stand 等, 例如:

　　I couldn’t help feeling proud of our country.

　　Someone suggested organizing an outing to the Western Hills.

　　I suggest our going to the park on Sunday.我建議我們星期天去公園。

　　It has stopped raining.雨停了。

　　They risked losing their jobs.他們冒著失去工作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　The roof requires repairing.屋頂需要修理了。

　　I believe you will regret leaving Paris.我相信你會(huì)為離開(kāi)巴黎而后悔的。

　　He has quit smoking.他已戒了煙。

　　They postponed sending an answer to a request.他們耽擱了對(duì)一項(xiàng)請(qǐng)求的答覆。

　　The child kept asking me questions.這孩子老是問(wèn)我問(wèn)題。

　　She missed going to the party on Saturday.星期六她沒(méi)能出席聚會(huì)。

　　Would you mind switching the television to channel 8?請(qǐng)把電視轉(zhuǎn)到八頻道好嗎?

　　Your wish to go for a walk does not justify your leaving the baby alone in the house. 你想出去散步并不證明將嬰兒獨(dú)自留在屋中是對(duì)的。

　　Can you imagine her becoming a pilot? 你能想象她成了飛行員嗎?

　　I haven’t finished reading the book yet.我還沒(méi)讀完這本書(shū)。

　　Fancy sitting in the sun all day!想一想整天坐在太陽(yáng)底下的滋味吧!

　　We were lucky to escape being punished.我們很幸運(yùn),沒(méi)有受罰。

　　I enjoyed reading these books very much.我很喜歡讀這些書(shū)。

　　I cannot endure being disturbed in my work. 我不能忍受在工作的時(shí)候受人干擾。

　　He denied having seen these watches before.他否認(rèn)曾經(jīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)這些手表。

　　Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished. 我們的老師不容許欺騙行為不受到懲罰。

　　We’re considering moving to Seattle.我們考慮搬往西雅圖。

　　They all avoided mentioning that name.他們都避免提及那名字。

　　He anticipated his deriving much instruction from the lecture. 他期望從這次演講中得到很多教益。

　　I admitted breaking the window.我承認(rèn)打破了窗子。

　　I advised against their doing it. 我勸他們不要做這件事。

　　He advocates reforming the prison system.他主張改良監(jiān)獄制度。

　　某些動(dòng)詞詞組也要求動(dòng)詞+-ing作賓語(yǔ), 例如: give up, leave off, put off (注: 這些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)均為動(dòng)詞+副詞結(jié)構(gòu))以及amound to, be accustomed to, be used to, be opposed to, devote to, feel like,look forward to, object to, resort to(依靠、求助于), submit to(屈服于) 等。例如:

　　Mr. Smith gave up smoking according to his doctor’s advice.

　　Do you feel like having a walk with us in the woods by the sea?

　　Some people in the rich world are opposed to doing business with poor countries.

　　有時(shí)在形容詞后面也要求用動(dòng)詞+-ing, 例如: busy, worth, worthwhile等。例如:

　　Is it worthwhile making such an experiment?

　　I am busy writing a novel.我正忙于寫(xiě)小說(shuō)。

　　That novel is not worth reading.那部小說(shuō)不值得一讀。

　　還有在Point, trouble, difficulty 等名詞后, 也用動(dòng)詞+-ing。例如:

　　There is not much point (in) thinking about it.

　　There is no point in complaining. They can’t do anything to help you.抱怨于事無(wú)補(bǔ);他們沒(méi)辦法幫助你。

　　American businessmen have difficulty (in) understanding their Japanese counterparts.

　　I had a little trouble learning English grammar.我學(xué)英文語(yǔ)法有過(guò)一點(diǎn)困難。

　　注: 在 it’s no use, it’s not much use, it’s no good 后要求用動(dòng)詞+-ing。但是在it is of no use 后則要用動(dòng)詞不定式。例如:

　　It’s no use crying about it. You must do something.

　　It’s no good writing to him; he never answers letters.

　　It’s of no use to cry over spilt milk.

　　2. 要求動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

　　有些動(dòng)詞后面可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式, 這類動(dòng)詞有: afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, assist, attempt, (can’t) bear, beg, begin, bother, care cease, choose, claim, continue, dare, decide, demand, deserve, desire, determine, dislike, endeavour, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose,refuse, regret, remember, require, seek, start, strive, swear, tend, think, threaten, try, undertake, want, wish 等。例如:

　　Don’t hesitate to ask me questions if you don’t understand.

　　He endeavored to adopt a positive but realistic attitude to the issue.

　　He endeavored to streamline the plant organization.他努力使工廠組織簡(jiǎn)化而更有效地運(yùn)作

　　Philip politely pretended not to have heard this remark.

　　3. 在有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以跟動(dòng)詞+-ing, 也可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式這類動(dòng)詞有: attempt, (can’t)bear, begin, cease, continue, deserve, dislike, dread, ear,forget, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, plan, prefer, propose, regret,remember, require, start, try, want 等。

　　在有些動(dòng)詞后面, 兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間的意義差別不大。例如:

　　He prefers writing (to write) an outline before he writes a summary.

　　He had really intended staying (to stay) longer.

　　但在某些動(dòng)詞之后, 兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間的意義差別較明顯:

　　We must try to solve this problem.我們必須設(shè)法解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　　We can try solving this problem in other ways.我們可以試用另一些方法來(lái)解決這一問(wèn)題。

　　I must remember to pay you for the ticket.我一定要記住把電影票的錢(qián)支付給你。

　　I don’t remembe paying you for the tickets.我不記得已把電影票的錢(qián)支付給你了。

　　這類詞還有forget, mean, regret等。

　　demand, deserve, need, require, want 等詞既可以要求動(dòng)詞+-ing作賓語(yǔ), 也可以要求動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)。例如:

　　John’s house in the country wants painting.

　　John’s house in the country wants to be painted.

　　這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)意義相同。

　　還有像go on, stop 這類動(dòng)詞如果后接動(dòng)詞+-ing 則表示繼續(xù)(做某事)或停止(做某事); 而如果后接動(dòng)詞不定式則表示前面一個(gè)動(dòng)作已結(jié)束或停止, 繼之做另一個(gè)動(dòng)作。例如:

　　The robot first reads the engineering drawing and then goes on to

　　assemble the parts

　　機(jī)器人首先閱讀工程圖紙, 然后根據(jù)圖約安裝零部件。

　　Some students went on working on their examination when the bell rang.

　　當(dāng)鈴聲響的時(shí)候, 一些學(xué)生還在繼續(xù)做考試題。