倒 裝

　　倒裝語(yǔ)序有兩類(lèi): 全部倒裝和部分倒裝。

　　全部倒裝：指謂語(yǔ)部分全部提到主語(yǔ)之前;

　　部分倒裝：指謂語(yǔ)的一部分提到主語(yǔ)之前。

　　倒裝語(yǔ)序常出現(xiàn)在下列情況中:

　　1. 為避免句子部分內(nèi)容重復(fù), 英語(yǔ)中常用倒裝句,即: so (neither, nor)+be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)。

　　My fater is an engineer; so is my husband.

　　Jane didn’t attend my class yesterday; nor did Torris.

　　"John can’t swim." "Neither can I.""約翰不會(huì)游泳。" "我也不會(huì)。"

　　[提示]如表示贊同別人的陳述, so后面的部分不倒裝。

　　"Jim is a good-swimmer."

　　"So he is, and so is Dick."

　　2. 具有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí), 句子一般部分倒裝,即將be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)前。這類(lèi)詞或短語(yǔ)包括: not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner…(then), hardly …(when), not only…(but also)等。

　　Never has my brother been abroad before.

　　Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.

　　No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.

　　At no time should you give up studying.在任何時(shí)候你都不應(yīng)放棄讀書(shū)。

　　[提示]

　　(1)如果句首的否定詞修飾主語(yǔ), 是主語(yǔ)的一部分, 則句子不用倒裝。

　　Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.

　　(2) as或though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常用倒裝。一般將一些形容詞、副詞等置于句首。

　　Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.

　　Wealthy as he is, I don’t envy him.

　　3. 當(dāng)so, often, only等表示程度或頻率的副詞置于句首時(shí), 句子一般倒裝。

　　So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovery.

　　Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemicals.

　　Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.

　　4. 當(dāng)there, here, then, now等副詞置于句首, 且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為come, go, be等詞時(shí),句子一般全部倒裝。此類(lèi)倒裝句旨在引起別人注意。但如果主語(yǔ)是代詞。句子則不倒裝。

　　Look! Here comes the taxi.

　　Here are some letters for you to type.

　　Then came the chairman.

　　5. 當(dāng)out, in, away, up, bang等方位或擬聲詞置于句首時(shí), 句子一般全部倒裝。此類(lèi)倒裝句比正常程序的句子的更生動(dòng)、形象。但如主語(yǔ)是代詞, 句子則不倒裝。

　　Away flew the bird.

　　Bang goes my ace.

　　Away she went.

　　Ahead sat an old woman.