語 態(tài)

　　被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用于下列幾種情況:

　　一、動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無需指出或不明確時(shí)

　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China.

　　Rome was not built in a day.

　　二、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者

　　Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack.

　　Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.

　　三、為了修辭的需要

　　He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.

　　Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.

　　[提示]

　　1. 除及物動(dòng)詞外, 一些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語動(dòng)詞也可作用被動(dòng)態(tài)形式, 除個(gè)別情況外, 短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開使用。

　　This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.(短語)

　　2. 不及物動(dòng)詞(或相當(dāng)于一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞的短語動(dòng)詞)和表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(或短語動(dòng)詞)無被動(dòng)態(tài)形式, 如happen, rise, occur, take place, break out等; 以及l(fā)ack, fit, suit, equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of, look like等。

　　The story took place in 1949.

　　3. 將主動(dòng)態(tài)形式改為被動(dòng)態(tài)形式時(shí)如遇到動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語的情況, 我們只能將其中之一變成主語, 另一個(gè)保持不變。當(dāng)直接賓語變成主語時(shí), 保持在原位的間接賓語前需加介詞to。

　　I gave my husband a tie as a birthday present.

　　→My husband was given a tie as a birthday present.

　　→A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.