2017考研英語語法小講：獨立主格由來和作用

　　一、獨立主格的由來

　　獨立主格在英語中存在的主要價值還是由語言簡潔的要求決定的，它的產(chǎn)生是從狀語開始的，并且在考研中也只考查其作為狀語的情況。獨立主格結構為兩個句子在主語不同的情況下提供了將其合并為一個句子的可能，通過簡單的例子可以了解它的由來：

　　1、It is a hot day.

　　2、I stay at home.

　　這兩個句子可以合并為一個：It being hot today, I stay at home.

　　其中，being 是可以被省略的，而且常常會在it being hot today之前加上介詞with以表示其和一個句子的區(qū)別;這樣with it being hot today 就被稱為獨立主格結構。

　　二、獨立主格的作用和處理方法

　　通常情況下，獨立主格可以表示一下幾種情況：

　　1、表示時間

　　例句：The meeting being over, all of us went home.

　　解析：the meeting being over相當于when the meeting was over。

　　2、表示條件

　　例句：The condition being favorable, he may succeed.

　　解析：the condition being favorable 相當于 if the condition is favorable。

　　3、表示原因

　　例句：There being no taxis, we had to walk.

　　解析：there being no taxis 相當于since there was no taxis。

　　4、表示伴隨狀況

　　例句：Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.

　　解析：這句話相當于Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.

　　5、表示補充說明

　　例句：We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.

　　解析：這句話相當于We redoubled our efforts, and each man works like two。

　　三、考研實例解析

　　閱讀中通常將帶有獨立主格的句子改寫為兩個句子。下面一起來看一個考研真題中的句子：President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.

　　解析：with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns為獨立主格結構，可以改寫為一個句子：Retirees trade much of all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.使兩個句子前后為因果關系。