1、Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time(especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery)are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.(My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.)Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings. The word"ersatz"(Para.3)most probably means_____

　　A invalid

　　B disputable

　　C unreal

　　D insufficient

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：詞匯理解題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章第三段。根據(jù)單詞所在句的句意：但是父母和孩子之間的交流質(zhì)量越來越低，甚至是。父母通常在孩子的物質(zhì)生活上投入關(guān)心，但在情感上，投入?yún)s很少。比質(zhì)量低還差的應(yīng)該是假的，不真實的，故C項為正確選項�！靖蓴_排除】根據(jù)以上分析可知，A項invalid“無效的”、B項disputable“有爭議的”、D項insufficient“不足的”均不符合原文語義，故均排除。

　　2、Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time(especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery)are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.(My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.)Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings. According to Paragraph 4,we can learn that risks of use of screen______

　　A should be viewed correctly

　　B need more credible evidence

　　C are higher among parents

　　D are overestimated among children

　　答案：A  

　　答案解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章第四段，原文提到，父母使用電子設(shè)備的影響未引起重視的這種想法，并不是要低估電子設(shè)備對孩子們的直接危害，可知電子設(shè)備對父母及孩子的影響應(yīng)該同樣得到正視，故A項為正確選項�！靖蓴_排除】原文并沒有說證據(jù)不足，B項與原文不符，故排除;C、D項原文未提及，屬于無中生有，故均排除。

　　3、Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time(especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery)are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.(My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.)Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings. Which kind of game may be wholesome for kids?

　　A A game with limited episode.

　　B A game according with their nature.

　　C A game testing cognitive level.

　　D A game promoting brain development.

　　答案：B  

　　答案解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章最后一段，原文指出孩子們在手機或平板電腦上玩的一些較新的互動游戲可能比看電視或YouTube更有益，因為它們更能模仿孩子天性的游戲行為，B項屬于合理推斷，故B項為正確選項�！靖蓴_排除】A項利用episode作干擾;c項利用cognitive作干擾;D項原文未提及。故均排除。

　　4、Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time(especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery)are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.(My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.)Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings. The contact between parents and cluldren is poorer because______

　　A parents hardly have spare time

　　B children are distracted by digital devices

　　C affective interaction is hardly involved

　　D parents may be addicted to smartphones

　　答案：D  

　　答案解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章第三段。contact與原文中的engagement為同義替換;poorer與increasingly low-quality為同義替換。原文提到，父母通常在孩子的物質(zhì)生活上投入關(guān)心，但在情感上，投入?yún)s很少;再根據(jù)最后一句孩子們開的玩笑可知，D項為正確選項�！靖蓴_排除】原文提到父母現(xiàn)在有更多的時間和孩子在一起，A項與原文不符，故排除;B項原文未提及;原文中說的是less emotionally attuned，C項中的hardly過于肯定，故排除。

　　5、Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time(especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery)are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.(My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.)Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that smartphones_____

　　A hardly have any advantages

　　B bring numerous bad effects

　　C bear the most severed criticism

　　D have little effect on parents

　　答案：B  

　　答案解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章第一、二段。第一段提到智能手機帶來的危害太多，不能一一列出，但是列出沒有被它們干擾的事情似乎還是比較容易的，即B項為合理推斷，故B項為正確選項。【干擾排除】A項“幾乎沒有任何優(yōu)勢”，屬于推理過度;原文提到我們的社會對于電子設(shè)備的批判可能正值前所未有的高度，C項將可能變成了肯定，故排除;原文第二段提到除了關(guān)注沉迷于電子設(shè)備的兒童，我們還應(yīng)該關(guān)注那些被電子設(shè)備分心的父母，可見父母也受電子設(shè)備的影響，D項錯誤。

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