1[.單選題]Text3NASAhashiredairplanemanufacturerLockheedMartintobuilditsnextexperimentalplane,whichisdesignedtoflyfasterthanthespeedofsoundwithoutproducingtheloudsonicboomsthathaveplaguedthetransportationform.Theplaneisduetobedeliveredin2021andwillcostjustshyof$250million.Duringapressconferencehostedbytheagencyduringwhichtheyannouncedthepartnership,LockheedMartinspokespersonDaveRichardsonexplainedthatthenewplanewillbeneitheraprototypeforanewcommercialairplane,norareincamationofprevioussupersonicjets."Thisisapurpose-builtexperimentalresearchcraft,"hesaid."Thisaircraftwasdesignedfromacleansheet."NASAwillusetheplanetogatherdataabouttheimpactofitslow-boomdesign,whichtheagencyhopeswilladdressthesinglebiggestchallengeofsupersonicflight.Flyingfasterthanthespeedofsoundproducesshockwavesthatresultinaloudboomingsound."Theairdoesnotknowthattheairplaneiscoming,"PeterCoen,aNASAprojectmanagerforsupersonictechnology,explainedduringthepressconference,Becausenoonelikedhearingthatnoise,theFederalAviationAdministrationandsimilarinternationalorganizationsbannedsupersonictraveloverland,Now,NASAthinkstechnologycanbreakthesoundbarrierwithoutbeingquitesoloudaboutit.Thesecretisintheshapeoftheplane.Sonicboomsformbecausetheplane'sflightproducesmanyshockwavesofdifferentstrengthsheadedindifferentdirectionsthatabsorbintoeachothertocreatetwostrongpulsesofpressure.Fromthetestingdonesofar,NASAthinksthenewplane'sdesignsuccessfullydissipatesandweakensthoseshockwaves,keepingthemfromformingthestrongpulsesresponsibleforbooms.Theplanewouldstillproducewhatthey'vedubbed"sonicthumps,"butthehopeisthatthosewouldbemucheasiertodealwith.Oncethenewplaneisbuilt,NASAwillrunsurveysonthegroundtoseehowpeoplerespondtothesonicthumps.Then,theagencywillbringthatsurveydatatotheFederalAviationAdministrationanditsintemationalcounterpartsinordertorevisittheruleaboutbreakingthespeedofsoundoverland."It'snotaboutmakinganewairplaneforairplanes'sake,althoughIloveairplanes,"Richardsonsaid."It'saboutthedatathatwillbecollected."Iftherulechangedoescomethrough,thatcouldkickoffaneweraofcommercialsupersonictravel.31.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theexperimentalplane

　　A.will need an exact budget of$250 million.

　　B.will be put into service in 2021.

　　C.is designed from an entirely new angle.

　　D.is based on a new commercial purpose.

　　[答案]C

　　[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段和第二段。第二段提到這架新飛機(jī)既不是新商用飛機(jī)的原型，又不是以前超音速飛機(jī)的再生，是一種全 新的設(shè)計(jì)，C項(xiàng)符合文義，故C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)�！靖蓴_排除】第一段最后一句提到這架飛機(jī)將于2021年交付，費(fèi)用將略低于2.5億美元.A項(xiàng)中的exact-詞與原文不符;B項(xiàng)中的putintoseⅣice與deliver意思不符;文章第二段提到新的飛機(jī)不是新的商用飛機(jī)的原型.D項(xiàng)與原文不符。故均排除。

　　微信掃描下面的二維碼進(jìn)入小程序，做題方便簡潔

　　2[.單選題]Text3NASAhashiredairplanemanufacturerLockheedMartintobuilditsnextexperimentalplane,whichisdesignedtoflyfasterthanthespeedofsoundwithoutproducingtheloudsonicboomsthathaveplaguedthetransportationform.Theplaneisduetobedeliveredin2021andwillcostjustshyof$250million.Duringapressconferencehostedbytheagencyduringwhichtheyannouncedthepartnership,LockheedMartinspokespersonDaveRichardsonexplainedthatthenewplanewillbeneitheraprototypeforanewcommercialairplane,norareincamationofprevioussupersonicjets."Thisisapurpose-builtexperimentalresearchcraft,"hesaid."Thisaircraftwasdesignedfromacleansheet."NASAwillusetheplanetogatherdataabouttheimpactofitslow-boomdesign,whichtheagencyhopeswilladdressthesinglebiggestchallengeofsupersonicflight.Flyingfasterthanthespeedofsoundproducesshockwavesthatresultinaloudboomingsound."Theairdoesnotknowthattheairplaneiscoming,"PeterCoen,aNASAprojectmanagerforsupersonictechnology,explainedduringthepressconference,Becausenoonelikedhearingthatnoise,theFederalAviationAdministrationandsimilarinternationalorganizationsbannedsupersonictraveloverland,Now,NASAthinkstechnologycanbreakthesoundbarrierwithoutbeingquitesoloudaboutit.Thesecretisintheshapeoftheplane.Sonicboomsformbecausetheplane'sflightproducesmanyshockwavesofdifferentstrengthsheadedindifferentdirectionsthatabsorbintoeachothertocreatetwostrongpulsesofpressure.Fromthetestingdonesofar,NASAthinksthenewplane'sdesignsuccessfullydissipatesandweakensthoseshockwaves,keepingthemfromformingthestrongpulsesresponsibleforbooms.Theplanewouldstillproducewhatthey'vedubbed"sonicthumps,"butthehopeisthatthosewouldbemucheasiertodealwith.Oncethenewplaneisbuilt,NASAwillrunsurveysonthegroundtoseehowpeoplerespondtothesonicthumps.Then,theagencywillbringthatsurveydatatotheFederalAviationAdministrationanditsintemationalcounterpartsinordertorevisittheruleaboutbreakingthespeedofsoundoverland."It'snotaboutmakinganewairplaneforairplanes'sake,althoughIloveairplanes,"Richardsonsaid."It'saboutthedatathatwillbecollected."Iftherulechangedoescomethrough,thatcouldkickoffaneweraofcommercialsupersonictravel.32.Thecrucialfactorinthesoundbarrierbreakingtechnologyis

　　A.how to create the strong pulses of pressure.

　　B.how to shape the experimental plane.

　　C.how to run the surveys mentioned.

　　D.how to produce the sonic thumps.

　　[答案]B

　　[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段最后一句，“現(xiàn)在，NASA認(rèn)為技術(shù)可以打破音障，大大降低飛行所帶來的噪音音量”。接著第五段首句提到“秘密就在飛機(jī)的形狀上”。B項(xiàng)符合文義，故B項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)�！靖蓴_排除】A項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)與題干無關(guān)，故排除。

　　3[.單選題]Text3NASAhashiredairplanemanufacturerLockheedMartintobuilditsnextexperimentalplane,whichisdesignedtoflyfasterthanthespeedofsoundwithoutproducingtheloudsonicboomsthathaveplaguedthetransportationform.Theplaneisduetobedeliveredin2021andwillcostjustshyof$250million.Duringapressconferencehostedbytheagencyduringwhichtheyannouncedthepartnership,LockheedMartinspokespersonDaveRichardsonexplainedthatthenewplanewillbeneitheraprototypeforanewcommercialairplane,norareincamationofprevioussupersonicjets."Thisisapurpose-builtexperimentalresearchcraft,"hesaid."Thisaircraftwasdesignedfromacleansheet."NASAwillusetheplanetogatherdataabouttheimpactofitslow-boomdesign,whichtheagencyhopeswilladdressthesinglebiggestchallengeofsupersonicflight.Flyingfasterthanthespeedofsoundproducesshockwavesthatresultinaloudboomingsound."Theairdoesnotknowthattheairplaneiscoming,"PeterCoen,aNASAprojectmanagerforsupersonictechnology,explainedduringthepressconference,Becausenoonelikedhearingthatnoise,theFederalAviationAdministrationandsimilarinternationalorganizationsbannedsupersonictraveloverland,Now,NASAthinkstechnologycanbreakthesoundbarrierwithoutbeingquitesoloudaboutit.Thesecretisintheshapeoftheplane.Sonicboomsformbecausetheplane'sflightproducesmanyshockwavesofdifferentstrengthsheadedindifferentdirectionsthatabsorbintoeachothertocreatetwostrongpulsesofpressure.Fromthetestingdonesofar,NASAthinksthenewplane'sdesignsuccessfullydissipatesandweakensthoseshockwaves,keepingthemfromformingthestrongpulsesresponsibleforbooms.Theplanewouldstillproducewhatthey'vedubbed"sonicthumps,"butthehopeisthatthosewouldbemucheasiertodealwith.Oncethenewplaneisbuilt,NASAwillrunsurveysonthegroundtoseehowpeoplerespondtothesonicthumps.Then,theagencywillbringthatsurveydatatotheFederalAviationAdministrationanditsintemationalcounterpartsinordertorevisittheruleaboutbreakingthespeedofsoundoverland."It'snotaboutmakinganewairplaneforairplanes'sake,althoughIloveairplanes,"Richardsonsaid."It'saboutthedatathatwillbecollected."Iftherulechangedoescomethrough,thatcouldkickoffaneweraofcommercialsupersonictravel.33.Sonicboomsresultfrom

　　A.the shape ofplane.

　　B.the sonic thumps.

　　C.the strong pulses.

　　D.the sound barrier.

　　[答案]C

　　[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段。原文提到“音爆形成的原因是飛機(jī)的飛行產(chǎn)生了許多不同強(qiáng)度的沖擊波，它們向不同的方向移動，相互吸收，形成了兩股強(qiáng)大的壓力脈沖”，C項(xiàng)是對這句話的歸納總結(jié)，故C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)�！靖蓴_排除】A項(xiàng)利用第五段首句作為干擾，但并非題干所問;B項(xiàng)在第六段末句出現(xiàn)，與本題無關(guān);D項(xiàng)與本題無關(guān)，屬于無關(guān)干擾。

　　4[.單選題]Text1Giantcorporationsoftenclaimtobe"green,"pointingtoprogramsthey'veundertakenaimedatbeingenvironmentallyconscious.Butsometimestheseeffortsdon'treallyamounttomuch.Theycanbenomorethan'igrcenwashing,"apublicrelationseffortthatdoesn'trepresentanyfundamentalshiftinthinking.Butsuchachangemayactuallybegoingonamongseveraloftheworld'slargestfossilfuelcompanies,namcssuchasExxonMobil,Shell,andBP.Oneofthebiggestreasons:pressurefromthecompanies'sharcholdcrs.Investorsarcaskingcorporationstomakemoretransparenttheeffectsclimatechangewillhaveontheirbusinesses,aswellasexplainwhattheyaredoingtoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions.Whilesharcholdcrmotivcsarecerlainlyaimedathelpingintheworldwidefightagainstglobalwarming,theyalsorepresentapracticalneedtobetterunderstandacompany'sprospects.IftheburningofoilandgasisgrcailycurtailedasaresultoftheDecember2015intemationalParisclimateagreement,forexample,howmightthataffectthebottomlineofacorporationwhosechiefsourceofrevenueisextractingandsellingcarbon-emittingoilandgas?Or,conversely,howisacompanyplanningtotakeadvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesthatemergefromashiftawayfromfossilfuels?ClimateAction100+,forexample,isashareholderactiongroupthatisaskingcorporationstomakestrongercommitmentstomeetingthe80percentcutincarbonemissionsproposedbytheParisagreementsignedtwoyearsagobynearly200nations.Some225investmentgroupswhomanagemorethanS26.3trillionhavesignedoninsupport.Lastweek,intemationalenergygiantExxonMobilsaiditwillstepupitsreportingtoshareholdersandthepublicabouttheimpactsclimatechangewillhaveonitsbusiness,includinganyexpectedincreasedrisks.ThenewpolicyfollowsavotebyExxonMobilinvestorsatthecompany'sannualmeetinginMaythatcalledforayearlyassessmentoftheeffectsofclimatechangeonthecompany.ThenewpositionrepresentsaseachangeforExxonMobil,whichuntiltheearly2000shaddisputedtheneedtotakeactiononclimatechange.Aroundtheworldnationalgovemmentsareshapingnewpoliciesinanefforttoreducegreenhousegasemissionstoalevelthatwillnotallowglobaltemperaturestorisemorethan2degreesCelsius.IntheU,S.,individualstatesandcitiesarepursuinglawsuitsagainstcompaniesthatfailtodealresponsiblywithgreenhousegasemissions,whichtheycontendharmthepublic.24.What'sExxonMobil'sattitudetowardtakingactiononclimatechange?

　　A.Biased.

　　B.Objective.

　　C.Indifferent.

　　D.Supportive.

　　[答案]D

　　[解析]態(tài)度方向題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到第六段，文中提到�？松�美孚在21世紀(jì)初之前一直對采取行動應(yīng)對氣候變化的必要性提出異議，之后其采取了新的立場，并積極應(yīng)對氣候變化，由此可知�？松�美孚支持為應(yīng)對氣候變化而采取行動，故D項(xiàng)為正確答案�！靖蓴_排除】根據(jù)以上分析可知，A項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)均不符合文義，故排除。

　　5[.單選題]Text1Giantcorporationsoftenclaimtobe"green,"pointingtoprogramsthey'veundertakenaimedatbeingenvironmentallyconscious.Butsometimestheseeffortsdon'treallyamounttomuch.Theycanbenomorethan'igrcenwashing,"apublicrelationseffortthatdoesn'trepresentanyfundamentalshiftinthinking.Butsuchachangemayactuallybegoingonamongseveraloftheworld'slargestfossilfuelcompanies,namcssuchasExxonMobil,Shell,andBP.Oneofthebiggestreasons:pressurefromthecompanies'sharcholdcrs.Investorsarcaskingcorporationstomakemoretransparenttheeffectsclimatechangewillhaveontheirbusinesses,aswellasexplainwhattheyaredoingtoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions.Whilesharcholdcrmotivcsarecerlainlyaimedathelpingintheworldwidefightagainstglobalwarming,theyalsorepresentapracticalneedtobetterunderstandacompany'sprospects.IftheburningofoilandgasisgrcailycurtailedasaresultoftheDecember2015intemationalParisclimateagreement,forexample,howmightthataffectthebottomlineofacorporationwhosechiefsourceofrevenueisextractingandsellingcarbon-emittingoilandgas?Or,conversely,howisacompanyplanningtotakeadvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesthatemergefromashiftawayfromfossilfuels?ClimateAction100+,forexample,isashareholderactiongroupthatisaskingcorporationstomakestrongercommitmentstomeetingthe80percentcutincarbonemissionsproposedbytheParisagreementsignedtwoyearsagobynearly200nations.Some225investmentgroupswhomanagemorethanS26.3trillionhavesignedoninsupport.Lastweek,intemationalenergygiantExxonMobilsaiditwillstepupitsreportingtoshareholdersandthepublicabouttheimpactsclimatechangewillhaveonitsbusiness,includinganyexpectedincreasedrisks.ThenewpolicyfollowsavotebyExxonMobilinvestorsatthecompany'sannualmeetinginMaythatcalledforayearlyassessmentoftheeffectsofclimatechangeonthecompany.ThenewpositionrepresentsaseachangeforExxonMobil,whichuntiltheearly2000shaddisputedtheneedtotakeactiononclimatechange.Aroundtheworldnationalgovemmentsareshapingnewpoliciesinanefforttoreducegreenhousegasemissionstoalevelthatwillnotallowglobaltemperaturestorisemorethan2degreesCelsius.IntheU,S.,individualstatesandcitiesarepursuinglawsuitsagainstcompaniesthatfailtodealresponsiblywithgreenhousegasemissions,whichtheycontendharmthepublic.23.Theword"curtailed"(Para.3)mostprobablymeans

　　A.limited.

　　B.forbidden.

　　C.improved.

　　D.affected.

　　[答案]A

　　[解析]詞匯理解題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章第三段。根據(jù)2015年12月的巴黎國際氣候協(xié)議，石油和天然氣的燃燒量肯定是由于受到了限制而減少的，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案�！靖蓴_排除】根據(jù)以上分析可知，B項(xiàng)“禁止”、C項(xiàng)“提高”和D項(xiàng)“影響”與原文不符，故排除。

　　6[.單選題]Text1Giantcorporationsoftenclaimtobe"green,"pointingtoprogramsthey'veundertakenaimedatbeingenvironmentallyconscious.Butsometimestheseeffortsdon'treallyamounttomuch.Theycanbenomorethan'igrcenwashing,"apublicrelationseffortthatdoesn'trepresentanyfundamentalshiftinthinking.Butsuchachangemayactuallybegoingonamongseveraloftheworld'slargestfossilfuelcompanies,namcssuchasExxonMobil,Shell,andBP.Oneofthebiggestreasons:pressurefromthecompanies'sharcholdcrs.Investorsarcaskingcorporationstomakemoretransparenttheeffectsclimatechangewillhaveontheirbusinesses,aswellasexplainwhattheyaredoingtoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions.Whilesharcholdcrmotivcsarecerlainlyaimedathelpingintheworldwidefightagainstglobalwarming,theyalsorepresentapracticalneedtobetterunderstandacompany'sprospects.IftheburningofoilandgasisgrcailycurtailedasaresultoftheDecember2015intemationalParisclimateagreement,forexample,howmightthataffectthebottomlineofacorporationwhosechiefsourceofrevenueisextractingandsellingcarbon-emittingoilandgas?Or,conversely,howisacompanyplanningtotakeadvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesthatemergefromashiftawayfromfossilfuels?ClimateAction100+,forexample,isashareholderactiongroupthatisaskingcorporationstomakestrongercommitmentstomeetingthe80percentcutincarbonemissionsproposedbytheParisagreementsignedtwoyearsagobynearly200nations.Some225investmentgroupswhomanagemorethanS26.3trillionhavesignedoninsupport.Lastweek,intemationalenergygiantExxonMobilsaiditwillstepupitsreportingtoshareholdersandthepublicabouttheimpactsclimatechangewillhaveonitsbusiness,includinganyexpectedincreasedrisks.ThenewpolicyfollowsavotebyExxonMobilinvestorsatthecompany'sannualmeetinginMaythatcalledforayearlyassessmentoftheeffectsofclimatechangeonthecompany.ThenewpositionrepresentsaseachangeforExxonMobil,whichuntiltheearly2000shaddisputedtheneedtotakeactiononclimatechange.Aroundtheworldnationalgovemmentsareshapingnewpoliciesinanefforttoreducegreenhousegasemissionstoalevelthatwillnotallowglobaltemperaturestorisemorethan2degreesCelsius.IntheU,S.,individualstatesandcitiesarepursuinglawsuitsagainstcompaniesthatfailtodealresponsiblywithgreenhousegasemissions,whichtheycontendharmthepublic.25.TheU.S.isquotedtoindicate

　　A.its great achievement in dealing with climate change.

　　B.greenhouse gas emissions have been under control.

　　C.countries are striving to cope with climate change.

　　D.it has rules and laws against greenhouse gas emissions

　　[答案]C

　　[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章第七段，一般文中所列舉的例子都是為了論證例子上下文提到的論點(diǎn)，由此可知，引用美國的例子是為了論證其上文所提出的論點(diǎn)：各國政府都在制定新政策，努力應(yīng)對氣候變化。故C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。【干擾排除】文章最后一段說各國政府都在制定新的政策，努力應(yīng)對氣候變化，并以美國為例，表明各國對應(yīng)對氣候變化所做的努力。文中并沒有說在應(yīng)對氣候變化上取得了巨大成就，也未說溫室氣體排放已得到控制以及有禁止溫室氣體排放的規(guī)定和法律.A、B、D項(xiàng)均屬于無中生有，故均排除。

　　7[.單選題]Text4Asthenationexperiencesoneoftheworstfluseasonsinyears,thousandsofAmericanshavealreadydiedfrominfluenza,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.ThoughtheseasonpeakedinFebruary,theCDCrecentlywarnedthatweshouldprepareforasecondwaveofcasestohitbeforeweemergefromtheseasonentirely.Now,itappearsmorethan50,000coulddiefromtheflubeforetheseasonends.Perhapsmosttroublingisthatthisyearmarksacenturysincethedeadliestviraloutbreakinhumanhistory,whichclaimedthelivesof670,000Americanmen,womenandchildrenandasmanyas50to100millionpeopleworldwide.Amongthelessonsmedicalresearchersgleanedfromthecatastrophiceventisthecriticalimportanceofgettingvaccinated.It'salessonthatmuchofthepubliccontinuestoignore,evenasourscientificunderstandingofcommunicablediseasescontinuestogrow.-Thestrainintlusfluseason,H3N2,isparticularlynasty.It'ssimilartotheHINlstrainthatsetoffthe1918influenzapandemic,andithasresultedinhighratesofdeath,particularlyamongtheelderly.ResearchershavestruggledtocreateeffectivevaccinesfortheH3N2strain;thisyear'sfluvaccineisonlyabout36percenteffectiveatprotectingagainstthevirus,comparedtoanaverageof45percentoverthepastsevenyears.Nonetheless,itdoesprovidesomeprotection,andtheunvaccinatedarehitmuchharderwithoutit.Earlierthisyear,ahealthyyoungmanfromPittsburghdidnotgetvaccinatedanddiedsoonafiergettingtheflu.Whilelowvaccineefficacymeansthatthosewhogetvaccinatedcanstillcontracttheflu,itremainscommonsenseandgoodcivicbehaviortogetvaccinated.Asaresultofherdimmunity,evenlowefficacyvaccinesareenoughtocurbapandemicfromhappeningifvaccinationratesarehigh.Fluvaccinesdidnotexistduringthepandemicof1918,whichiswhyitwassodeadly.YetyearafteryearfewAmericansbothertogetvaccinated.Ineconomicterms,theherdimmunitybenefitsofvaccinationarea"publicgood."IfIamvaccinated,IcannotexcludeanyonefromtheherdimmunitythatInowoffer.Similarly,someoneenjoyingmyherdimmunitydoesnotdiminishsomeoneelse'sabilitytoenjoymyherdimmunity.Whattypicallyhappenswhenapublicgoodlikethefluvaccineisavailableisthatmany,perhapsmost,peopleunderinvest.Theyfreerideoffotherpeoplewhogetthevaccine.Iftoomanypeopleoptoutofvaccination,communitiesbecomewlnerabletofluepidemics.AccordingtotheCDC,only38percentofthepopulationchosetogetvaccinatedasofNovember2017.Lowratesofvaccinationareparticularlydangerousforchildrenandtheelderly,whoareespeciallysusceptibletoinfluenza.Asindividuals,wehaveveUlittlecontroloverthestrainofthefluthatemergesinagivenyear,ortheefficacyofavaccine,butwedohavecompletecontroloverwhetherwegetvaccinated.Thepublic'sresponsetoabadfiuoutbreakortolowvaccineefficacyshouldbeanincreaseinfluvaccinations,notadecrease.37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisrightaboutH3N2?

　　A.We have learned enough ofit.

　　B.lt's a kind of virus with the highest fatality rate.

　　C.It claimed more lives ofits victims for its severity.

　　D.The vaccine efficacy was not high enough to control it.

　　[答案]C

　　[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第三段和第四段。C項(xiàng)中的severity和claimedmorelivesofitsvictims是文中nasty和highratesofdeath的同義替換，故C項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)�！靖蓴_排除】第三段首句提到即使我們對傳染病的科學(xué)認(rèn)識持續(xù)加深，并非A項(xiàng)所述，故A項(xiàng)錯誤;B項(xiàng)文中未提及，屬于無中生有;第四段最后一句提到，在疫苗接種率很高的情況下，即使是低效力的疫苗也足以遏制流感的流行，D項(xiàng)與此文義相反，故排除。

　　8[.單選題]Text4Asthenationexperiencesoneoftheworstfluseasonsinyears,thousandsofAmericanshavealreadydiedfrominfluenza,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.ThoughtheseasonpeakedinFebruary,theCDCrecentlywarnedthatweshouldprepareforasecondwaveofcasestohitbeforeweemergefromtheseasonentirely.Now,itappearsmorethan50,000coulddiefromtheflubeforetheseasonends.Perhapsmosttroublingisthatthisyearmarksacenturysincethedeadliestviraloutbreakinhumanhistory,whichclaimedthelivesof670,000Americanmen,womenandchildrenandasmanyas50to100millionpeopleworldwide.Amongthelessonsmedicalresearchersgleanedfromthecatastrophiceventisthecriticalimportanceofgettingvaccinated.It'salessonthatmuchofthepubliccontinuestoignore,evenasourscientificunderstandingofcommunicablediseasescontinuestogrow.-Thestrainintlusfluseason,H3N2,isparticularlynasty.It'ssimilartotheHINlstrainthatsetoffthe1918influenzapandemic,andithasresultedinhighratesofdeath,particularlyamongtheelderly.ResearchershavestruggledtocreateeffectivevaccinesfortheH3N2strain;thisyear'sfluvaccineisonlyabout36percenteffectiveatprotectingagainstthevirus,comparedtoanaverageof45percentoverthepastsevenyears.Nonetheless,itdoesprovidesomeprotection,andtheunvaccinatedarehitmuchharderwithoutit.Earlierthisyear,ahealthyyoungmanfromPittsburghdidnotgetvaccinatedanddiedsoonafiergettingtheflu.Whilelowvaccineefficacymeansthatthosewhogetvaccinatedcanstillcontracttheflu,itremainscommonsenseandgoodcivicbehaviortogetvaccinated.Asaresultofherdimmunity,evenlowefficacyvaccinesareenoughtocurbapandemicfromhappeningifvaccinationratesarehigh.Fluvaccinesdidnotexistduringthepandemicof1918,whichiswhyitwassodeadly.YetyearafteryearfewAmericansbothertogetvaccinated.Ineconomicterms,theherdimmunitybenefitsofvaccinationarea"publicgood."IfIamvaccinated,IcannotexcludeanyonefromtheherdimmunitythatInowoffer.Similarly,someoneenjoyingmyherdimmunitydoesnotdiminishsomeoneelse'sabilitytoenjoymyherdimmunity.Whattypicallyhappenswhenapublicgoodlikethefluvaccineisavailableisthatmany,perhapsmost,peopleunderinvest.Theyfreerideoffotherpeoplewhogetthevaccine.Iftoomanypeopleoptoutofvaccination,communitiesbecomewlnerabletofluepidemics.AccordingtotheCDC,only38percentofthepopulationchosetogetvaccinatedasofNovember2017.Lowratesofvaccinationareparticularlydangerousforchildrenandtheelderly,whoareespeciallysusceptibletoinfluenza.Asindividuals,wehaveveUlittlecontroloverthestrainofthefluthatemergesinagivenyear,ortheefficacyofavaccine,butwedohavecompletecontroloverwhetherwegetvaccinated.Thepublic'sresponsetoabadfiuoutbreakortolowvaccineefficacyshouldbeanincreaseinfluvaccinations,notadecrease.36.Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthat

　　A.it is not difficult to control the influenza.

　　B.the second wave of cases may be impending.

　　C.the influenza reached its peak in February.

　　D.50 thousand people died from the flu.

　　[答案]B

　　[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段。文章提到，在我們完全擺脫流感季節(jié)之前，應(yīng)該做好第二波患病高峰來臨的準(zhǔn)備，B項(xiàng)屬于合理推斷，故B項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)�！靖蓴_排除】A項(xiàng)原文未提及，屬于無中生有;C項(xiàng)為原文事實(shí)，屬于事實(shí)干擾;D項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯誤，文章是說可能會有5萬多人死于流感，是一種可能發(fā)生的后果，而選項(xiàng)說的是既定事實(shí)，故排除。

　　9[.單選題]Text4Asthenationexperiencesoneoftheworstfluseasonsinyears,thousandsofAmericanshavealreadydiedfrominfluenza,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.ThoughtheseasonpeakedinFebruary,theCDCrecentlywarnedthatweshouldprepareforasecondwaveofcasestohitbeforeweemergefromtheseasonentirely.Now,itappearsmorethan50,000coulddiefromtheflubeforetheseasonends.Perhapsmosttroublingisthatthisyearmarksacenturysincethedeadliestviraloutbreakinhumanhistory,whichclaimedthelivesof670,000Americanmen,womenandchildrenandasmanyas50to100millionpeopleworldwide.Amongthelessonsmedicalresearchersgleanedfromthecatastrophiceventisthecriticalimportanceofgettingvaccinated.It'salessonthatmuchofthepubliccontinuestoignore,evenasourscientificunderstandingofcommunicablediseasescontinuestogrow.-Thestrainintlusfluseason,H3N2,isparticularlynasty.It'ssimilartotheHINlstrainthatsetoffthe1918influenzapandemic,andithasresultedinhighratesofdeath,particularlyamongtheelderly.ResearchershavestruggledtocreateeffectivevaccinesfortheH3N2strain;thisyear'sfluvaccineisonlyabout36percenteffectiveatprotectingagainstthevirus,comparedtoanaverageof45percentoverthepastsevenyears.Nonetheless,itdoesprovidesomeprotection,andtheunvaccinatedarehitmuchharderwithoutit.Earlierthisyear,ahealthyyoungmanfromPittsburghdidnotgetvaccinatedanddiedsoonafiergettingtheflu.Whilelowvaccineefficacymeansthatthosewhogetvaccinatedcanstillcontracttheflu,itremainscommonsenseandgoodcivicbehaviortogetvaccinated.Asaresultofherdimmunity,evenlowefficacyvaccinesareenoughtocurbapandemicfromhappeningifvaccinationratesarehigh.Fluvaccinesdidnotexistduringthepandemicof1918,whichiswhyitwassodeadly.YetyearafteryearfewAmericansbothertogetvaccinated.Ineconomicterms,theherdimmunitybenefitsofvaccinationarea"publicgood."IfIamvaccinated,IcannotexcludeanyonefromtheherdimmunitythatInowoffer.Similarly,someoneenjoyingmyherdimmunitydoesnotdiminishsomeoneelse'sabilitytoenjoymyherdimmunity.Whattypicallyhappenswhenapublicgoodlikethefluvaccineisavailableisthatmany,perhapsmost,peopleunderinvest.Theyfreerideoffotherpeoplewhogetthevaccine.Iftoomanypeopleoptoutofvaccination,communitiesbecomewlnerabletofluepidemics.AccordingtotheCDC,only38percentofthepopulationchosetogetvaccinatedasofNovember2017.Lowratesofvaccinationareparticularlydangerousforchildrenandtheelderly,whoareespeciallysusceptibletoinfluenza.Asindividuals,wehaveveUlittlecontroloverthestrainofthefluthatemergesinagivenyear,ortheefficacyofavaccine,butwedohavecompletecontroloverwhetherwegetvaccinated.Thepublic'sresponsetoabadfiuoutbreakortolowvaccineefficacyshouldbeanincreaseinfluvaccinations,notadecrease.40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

　　A.Take Flu Vaccination More Seriously

　　B.Develop Higher Efficacy Flu Vaccines

　　C.Receive More Vaccines

　　D.Tackle the Flu Outbreak

　　[答案]A

　　[解析]主旨大意題。第一段、第二段和第三段講述了此次流感的嚴(yán)峻性，并引出接種疫苗的重要性。第四段說明在疫苗接種率很高的情況下，由于群體免疫，即使是低效力的疫苗也足以抑制流感流行。第五段和第六段從正反兩方面說明接種疫苗的好處。第七段進(jìn)一步呼吁人們認(rèn)真對待流感疫苗接種，提高疫苗接種率。綜上所述，A項(xiàng)為正確答案�！靖蓴_排除】B項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)屬于文章細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括全文，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)排除。

　　10[.單選題]Text1Giantcorporationsoftenclaimtobe"green,"pointingtoprogramsthey'veundertakenaimedatbeingenvironmentallyconscious.Butsometimestheseeffortsdon'treallyamounttomuch.Theycanbenomorethan'igrcenwashing,"apublicrelationseffortthatdoesn'trepresentanyfundamentalshiftinthinking.Butsuchachangemayactuallybegoingonamongseveraloftheworld'slargestfossilfuelcompanies,namcssuchasExxonMobil,Shell,andBP.Oneofthebiggestreasons:pressurefromthecompanies'sharcholdcrs.Investorsarcaskingcorporationstomakemoretransparenttheeffectsclimatechangewillhaveontheirbusinesses,aswellasexplainwhattheyaredoingtoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions.Whilesharcholdcrmotivcsarecerlainlyaimedathelpingintheworldwidefightagainstglobalwarming,theyalsorepresentapracticalneedtobetterunderstandacompany'sprospects.IftheburningofoilandgasisgrcailycurtailedasaresultoftheDecember2015intemationalParisclimateagreement,forexample,howmightthataffectthebottomlineofacorporationwhosechiefsourceofrevenueisextractingandsellingcarbon-emittingoilandgas?Or,conversely,howisacompanyplanningtotakeadvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesthatemergefromashiftawayfromfossilfuels?ClimateAction100+,forexample,isashareholderactiongroupthatisaskingcorporationstomakestrongercommitmentstomeetingthe80percentcutincarbonemissionsproposedbytheParisagreementsignedtwoyearsagobynearly200nations.Some225investmentgroupswhomanagemorethanS26.3trillionhavesignedoninsupport.Lastweek,intemationalenergygiantExxonMobilsaiditwillstepupitsreportingtoshareholdersandthepublicabouttheimpactsclimatechangewillhaveonitsbusiness,includinganyexpectedincreasedrisks.ThenewpolicyfollowsavotebyExxonMobilinvestorsatthecompany'sannualmeetinginMaythatcalledforayearlyassessmentoftheeffectsofclimatechangeonthecompany.ThenewpositionrepresentsaseachangeforExxonMobil,whichuntiltheearly2000shaddisputedtheneedtotakeactiononclimatechange.Aroundtheworldnationalgovemmentsareshapingnewpoliciesinanefforttoreducegreenhousegasemissionstoalevelthatwillnotallowglobaltemperaturestorisemorethan2degreesCelsius.IntheU,S.,individualstatesandcitiesarepursuinglawsuitsagainstcompaniesthatfailtodealresponsiblywithgreenhousegasemissions,whichtheycontendharmthepublic.21.Bigcorporationsarefarawayfrom"green"because

　　A.they rarely do anything meaningful.

　　B.they don't have any fundamental shift.

　　C.they have poor public relations.

　　D.they lack fundamental changes in thinking

　　[答案]D

　　[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到文章第一段。第一段最后一句說明了大公司離“綠色”還很遠(yuǎn)的原因.即他們所做的努力只不過是“漂綠”，僅僅是為了公共關(guān)系，并不代表任何思維方面的根本轉(zhuǎn)變.D項(xiàng)與此文義相符，故D項(xiàng)為正確答案�！靖蓴_排除】原文說它們所開展的環(huán)保項(xiàng)目沒有什么意義，但是并來說它們很少做有意義的事情，A項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;原文說它們在思想上未做出根本轉(zhuǎn)變.B項(xiàng)中“任何”一鬩范圍過大;C項(xiàng)原文未提及。故均排除。