7. While I was waiting to enter university, I saw (advertised in a local newspaper) a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：共有3個謂語動詞，主句的是saw。主句的原型是I saw a teaching post (advertised in a local newspaper) at a school in a suburb of London…。(advertised in a local newspaper)也是a teaching post的定語，但是分隔了saw和a teaching post。之所以把(advertised in a local newspaper)提到a teaching post之前，是因為主句的原型中，a teaching post的后置定語太長，容易造成理解上的混亂。

　　翻譯：當我等待進入大學(xué)期間，我看到當?shù)氐囊患覉蠹埳系侵�一個教師職位的招聘廣告，其所在的學(xué)校位于倫敦郊區(qū)，而那個地方離我的住處有大約10英里的路程。

　　8. The second aspect is the application (by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen), of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個謂語動詞，主句的是is。(by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen)分隔了the application和它的定語of the special methods…。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾the special methods。拆分為：

　　1) The second aspect is the application…of the special methods of thought and action.

　　2) Scientists use the special methods of thought and action in their work.

　　翻譯：第二個方面是社會的全體成員，從政府官員到普通公民，都要使用科學(xué)家在他們的工作中所使用的那些特殊的思考和行動的方法。

　　9. I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：共有4個謂語動詞，主句的是launched into。I had made for years是省略了that的定語從句，分隔了the speech和about。about后面是兩個并列的賓語從句。拆分為：

　　1) I launched into a variation of the speech about...

　　2) I had made the speech for years.

　　3) How excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce.

　　4) How cutting taxes can generate growth.

　　翻譯：我做了一次與幾年前內(nèi)容不同的演講，談的是關(guān)于過高的稅率會如何挫傷生產(chǎn)的積極性，以及減稅如何能夠促進發(fā)展。

　　10. Even his critics say the Ames test – his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer – is a remarkable achievement.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：共有4個謂語動詞，主句的是say。his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure…是一個很長的同位語，分隔了賓語從句中的the Ames test和is a remarkable achievement。拆分為：

　　1) Even his critics say.

　　2) The Ames test is a remarkable achievement.

　　3) His simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure helps determine.

　　4) Whether a substance might cause cancer.

　　翻譯：甚至連他的批評者都說愛姆茲試驗是一項非凡的成就。這種試驗是一種簡單而又廉價的實驗過程，卻有助于確定某一種物質(zhì)是否能夠造成癌癥。

　　11. The cessation(停止) of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent(即將來臨的) is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：共有3個謂語動詞，主句的是第三個is。主干是The cessation…is the decision…，但是主語與系動詞之間被長長的定語of the employment…所分隔。that引導(dǎo)evidence的同位語從句。拆分為：

　　1) The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.

　　2) When there is irrefutable evidence.

　　3) That biological death is imminent.

　　翻譯：當有確鑿的證據(jù)證明病人即將進入生物死亡時，停止采用非常規(guī)手段來延長其生命的決定，應(yīng)該由病人和(或)其直系親屬做出。

　　12. Although her characters were portrayed(描繪) in many settings and situations, they all reflected, (by the often tragic outcome of their lives), her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness(悲傷，痛苦) of another.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：共有4個謂語動詞，主句的是reflected。(by the often tragic outcome of their lives)分隔了reflected和它的賓語her profound conviction。that引導(dǎo)了her profound conviction的同位語從句。拆分為：

　　1) Although her characters were portrayed(描繪) in many settings and situations.

　　2) The all reflected her profound conviction.

　　3) That no human could be happy.

　　4) If that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another.

　　翻譯：雖然她描繪出的角色出現(xiàn)在各種背景和情節(jié)當中，但是由于這些角色經(jīng)常都是以悲劇而告終，因此他們都能反映出她深深地相信，如果把快樂建立在別人的痛苦之上，那么沒有人會真的快樂。

　　13. I plan to see her soon in England, though not, (she reminded me), again at 10 Downing Street.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個謂語動詞，主句的是plan。(she reminded me)是分隔結(jié)構(gòu)。Though實際上引導(dǎo)了一個省略的讓步狀語從句，其原型是though (it will) not (be) again at 10 Downing Street。拆分為：

　　1) I plan to see her soon in England.

　　2) Though (it will) not (be) again at 10 Downing Street.

　　3) She reminded me.

　　翻譯：我打算很快在英國見到她，雖然她提醒我地點將不再是在唐寧街10號了。