第一部分　　(2014·南京市、鹽城市二模)

　　Mark Twain said that “habit is habit, and not to be flung(扔) out the window by anyone, but coaxed(勸誘) downstairs a step at a time.” The chances of successfully changing negative behavior __1__ when you make gradual changes that give you time to __2__ negative patterns for positive ones.

　　On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and__3__ to begin to change a given behavior “today”. Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time__4__ or some other change in a negative behavior, we start out with high __5__. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing __6__ it was they thought they shouldn't be doing.

　　After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not __7__ if they start with the change itself. __8__， they believe that we must__9__ a series of “stages” to adequately prepare ourselves for that __10__ change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that __11__ what you do, you must decide which behavior­change technique will work best for you.

　　According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most __12__ problems and related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的) statements that people make to__13__ when events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose after doing __14__ on an exam, you say to yourself，“I can't believe I failed that easy exam. I'm so stupid.” By changing this irrational “catastrophic” self­talk into rational，__15__ statements about what is really going on, you can increase the __16__ that positive behaviors will occur.

　　Positive self­talk might be __17__ as follows: “I really didn't study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next __18__.”

　　Such self­talk will help you to recover quickly from__19__ and take positive steps to correct the situation. Some other technique like purposefully __20__ or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了“我們”自身養(yǎng)成的一些壞習(xí)慣不是一朝一夕就能改變的。想成功地改掉這些消極的行為就必須給“我們”一些時間用積極的行為來替代消極的行為。

　　1.A.decline B.remain

　　C.disappear D.improve

　　答案：D　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“when you make gradual changes that give you time to __2__ negative patterns for positive ones”可知，此處是指成功地改變消極行為的可能性會得到改善。improve意為“改善，提高”，符合語境。故選D項。decline意為“下降”;remain意為“仍然，保持”;disappear意為“消失”，均與語境不符。

　　2.A.substitute B.cancel

　　C.find D.ignore

　　答案：A　考查動詞辨析。由語境可知，此處指用一些積極的行為來替代一些消極的行為。固定短語：substitute sth.for sth.意為“用……來替代……”，符合語境。故選A項。cancel意為“取消”;find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”;ignore意為“忽視”，均與語境不符。

　　3.A.refuse B.determine

　　C.hesitate D.advocate

　　答案：B　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“...we start out with high __5__. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail...”可知，每天無數(shù)人起床之后都下定決心從“今天”開始改變一些行為。determine意為“下決心”，符合語境。故選B項。refuse意為“拒絕”;hesitate意為“猶豫”;advocate意為“提倡”，均與語境不符。

　　4.A.more B.better

　　C.worse D.less

　　答案：B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“be exercising more，drinking less”(多鍛煉，少喝酒)可知，此處指更好地安排時間。better意為“更好地”，符合語境。故選B項。more意為“更多”;worse意為“更糟糕”;less意為“更少”，均與語境不符。

　　5.A.values B.requirements

　　C.expectations D.levels

　　答案：C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，此處指我們帶著高的期望值開始。expectation意為“期待”，符合語境。故選C項。value意為“價值”;requirement意為“要求”;level意為“水平”，均與語境不符。

　　6.A.whichever B.however

　　C.wherever D.whatever

　　答案：D　考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在從句中作“was”的表語，且沒有范圍限制，所以使用whatever，意為“無論什么”。故選D項。whichever意為“無論哪個(些)”，有范圍限制;however意為“無論怎樣”;wherever意為“無論哪里”，均與語境不符。

　　7.A.succeed B.fail

　　C.exist D.fade

　　答案：A　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，文中認(rèn)為必須要經(jīng)歷一系列的階段來為最終的改變做好充分準(zhǔn)備，因此如果只是改變習(xí)慣本身是不會成功的。succeed意為“成功”，符合語境。故選A項。fail意為“失敗”;exist意為“存在”;fade意為“凋謝，褪色”，均與語境不符。

　　8.A.Nevertheless B.Otherwise

　　C.Instead D.Moreover

　　答案：C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上文“改變習(xí)慣本身是不會成功的”和下文“我們必須要經(jīng)歷一系列的階段為最終的改變做好充分準(zhǔn)備”可知，此處是肯定后者否定前者，instead意為“相反”，符合語境。故選C項。nevertheless意為“然而”;otherwise意為“否則”;moreover意為“而且”，均與語境不符。

　　9.A.look through B.break through

　　C.go through D.pull through

　　答案：C　考查動詞短語辨析。我們必須要經(jīng)歷一系列的階段為最終的改變做好充分準(zhǔn)備。go through意為“經(jīng)歷，通過”，符合語境。故選C項。look through意為“瀏覽，檢查”;break through意為“突破”;pull through意為“渡過難關(guān)，恢復(fù)健康”，均與語境不符。

　　10.A.initial B.temporary

　　C.instant D.eventual

　　答案：D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，如果我們要成功地改變這些壞的習(xí)慣，就要為最終的變化做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。eventual意為“最后的”，符合語境。故選D項。initial意為“最初的”;temporary意為“臨時的”;instant意為“立即的”，均與語境不符。

　　11.A.involve B.influence

　　C.explain D.adjust

　　答案：B　考查動詞辨析。句意為：一旦你已經(jīng)分析出影響你行為的所有因素，你就必須決定出哪些改變行為的技巧會對你最起作用。influence意為“影響”，符合語境。故選B項。involve意為“包括，涉及”;explain意為“解釋”;adjust意為“調(diào)整，適應(yīng)”，均與語境不符。

　　12.A.emotional B.physical

　　C.technical D.professional

　　答案：A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的)statements”可知，此處為情緒上的問題。emotional意為“情緒的”，符合語境。故選A項。physical意為“身體的，物質(zhì)的”;technical意為“技術(shù)的”;professional意為“專業(yè)的”，均與語境不符。

　　13.A.all B.others

　　C.someone D.themselves

　　答案：D　考查代詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的主語“people”以及下文中的“in their lives”“whatthey would like...”和“you say to yourself”可知，此處用反身代詞 themselves。故選D項。

　　14.A.poorly B.carefully

　　C.completely D.slowly

　　答案：A　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“...you say to yourself，‘I can't believe I failedthat easy exam.I'm so stupid.’”可知，此處指如果自己考試考得很糟糕。poorly意為“差勁地，糟糕地，貧乏地”，符合語境。故選A項。carefully意為“小心地”;completely意為“完全地”;slowly意為“慢慢地”，均與語境不符。

　　15.A.positive B.ridiculous

　　C.negative D.explicit

　　答案：A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“that positive behaviors will occur”可知，此處應(yīng)用positive，意為“積極的”，符合語境。故選A項。ridiculous意為“荒謬的”;negative意為“消極的”;explicit意為“清晰的，清楚的”，均與語境不符。

　　16.A.danger B.awareness

　　C.amount D.probability

　　答案：D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“By changing this irrational‘catastrophic’ self­talk into rational”可知，你可以提高積極的行為發(fā)生的可能性。probability意為“可能性”，符合語境。故選D項。danger意為“危險”;awareness意為“意識”;amount意為“量”，均與語境不符。

　　17.A.written B.phrased

　　C.listed D.captioned

　　答案：B　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文引號中的內(nèi)容可知，此處指積極的自我談話的措辭如下……phrase意為“措辭，短語”，符合語境。故選B項。write意為“寫”;list意為“列出”;caption意為“給……加上標(biāo)題”，均與語境不符。

　　18.A.research B.test

　　C.talk D.problem

　　答案：B　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“I really didn't study enough for the exam.”可知，這次考試準(zhǔn)備不足，下一次考試要好好準(zhǔn)備。故選B項。

　　19.A.tiredness B.habits

　　C.disappointment D.burdens

　　答案：C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“I really didn't study enough for the exam.”可知，此處指這次考試沒考好而引起的失望。disappointment意為“失望”，符合語境。故選C項。tiredness意為“疲勞”，habits意為“習(xí)慣”;burden意為“負(fù)擔(dān)”，均與語境不符。

　　20.A.recalling B.starting

　　C.blocking D.holding

　　答案：C　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于)negative images”可知，block意為“阻礙”，與句中的“stop”和“refuse”意思相近，符合語境。故選C項。recall意為“回想”;start意為“開始”;hold意為“持有”，均與語境不符。