三、語(yǔ)法填空

　　(2015·日照市校際聯(lián)考)

　　A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing__1__(have) a close knock on Oct. 22. He was so __2__(absorb) in his smartphone that he didn't see a train approaching until it brushed past him, __3__(throw)him to the ground. This should serve __4__a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially __5__ crossing roads.

　　__6__(lucky), the man survived a brush with death, but the incident forced the driver __7__(stop)the train. An 18­minute delay followed the incident, __8__led to a break in the running of other trains on the route.

　　Smartphone __9__(addicted)has spread like an infectious disease. It's evident that it will do great harm to society. What's even __10__(bad), some addicts become impatient with relatives and friends.

　　Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy，yet in fact people's weakening self­control and self­discipline are to blame.

　　1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　答案：

　　文章大意：如今手機(jī)上癮現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重，對(duì)人們的生活有著很大的危害。文章告訴我們是我們的自控力和自我約束力差而導(dǎo)致此種現(xiàn)象，并非手機(jī)本身的問(wèn)題。

　　1.had　考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“on Oct. 22”可知，此處是在描述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　2.absorbed　考查固定短語(yǔ)。be absorbed in“專(zhuān)心致志，全神貫注”，是固定短語(yǔ)。

　　3.throwing　考查現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“火車(chē)與他擦身而過(guò)，把他摔在了地上”，train和throw之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

　　4.as　考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。serve as意為“起作用，產(chǎn)生效果”，此處表示“這應(yīng)該給人們起一個(gè)警告作用”。

　　5.when/while　考查連詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“尤其是當(dāng)過(guò)馬路的時(shí)候”，故用when或while，此處是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞”的省略�？蛇�原為：especially when/while they are crossing roads。

　　6.Luckily　考查副詞。幸運(yùn)的是，這個(gè)男子與死亡擦肩而過(guò)，但是這個(gè)事件迫使駕駛員停下了火車(chē)。在句首應(yīng)該用lucky的副詞形式，即Luckily。

　　7.to stop　考查動(dòng)詞不定式。force sb. to do sth.意為“迫使某人做某事”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　8.which　考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。因?yàn)檫@件事耽擱了18分鐘，導(dǎo)致路線(xiàn)上其他火車(chē)的運(yùn)行中斷了。此處用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面的“An 18­minute delay”。

　　9.addiction　考查名詞。分析句子成分可知，此處作主語(yǔ)，意為“手機(jī)上癮”，故用addicted的名詞形式addiction，意為“上癮”。addict作為名詞時(shí)，意為“對(duì)……著迷的人”，此處不符合語(yǔ)境。

　　10.worse　考查形容詞比較級(jí)。what's even worse意為“甚至更糟糕的是”，even修飾比較級(jí)，故用worse。

　　四、短文改錯(cuò)

　　(2015·云南師大附中適應(yīng)性考試)

　　Alibaba founder Jack Ma, his company has been valued at more than $ 221 billion of which Ma owned 6%, is put in the top position among China's wealthiest. But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 rich people.

　　Fought against a hard life, young Ma still managed to learn English well enough to gain a degree and became a teacher. Afterwards he started a translation agency in which took him to the US, where he introduced to the Internet. His fate was bound to change before he was accidentally appointed to take an American visitor Jerry Yang, a co­founder of Yahoo, in a tour of the Great Wall. The meeting obvious proved to be a turning point for all of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and the later cooperation with Jerry Yang.

　　答案：

　　Alibaba founder Jack Ma, company has been valued at more than $ 221 billion of which Ma 6%, is put in the top position among China's wealthiest. But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 people.

　　against a hard life, young Ma still managed to learn English well enough to gain a degree and became a teacher. Afterwards he started a translation agency in which took him to the US, where he introduced to the Internet. His fate was bound to change he was accidentally appointed to take an American visitor Jerry Yang, a co­founder of Yahoo, a tour of the Great Wall. The meeting proved to be a turning point for of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and the later cooperation with Jerry Yang.

　　解析：

　　第一處：his→whose　考查定語(yǔ)從句。第一句話(huà)主干成分是Jack Ma is put in the top position，所以逗號(hào)后應(yīng)該是定語(yǔ)從句，所以把his改為whose。

　　第二處：owned→owns　考查時(shí)態(tài)。由第一段時(shí)態(tài)可知。

　　第三處：rich→richest　考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。世界上最富有的十個(gè)人，所以用最高級(jí)。

　　第四處：Fought→Fighting　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子主語(yǔ)young Ma與fight之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用其­ing形式。

　　第五處：去掉which前的in　考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句部分took him to the US缺少主語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞which。而in which相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where。

　　第六處：introduced前加was　考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處是他被介紹到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　第七處：before→when或after　考查連詞。在他帶領(lǐng)雅虎的創(chuàng)辦人美國(guó)旅游家Jerry Yang游覽長(zhǎng)城時(shí)(后)，他的命運(yùn)必定會(huì)改變。

　　第八處：in→to　考查介詞。分析句子，此處是與前面的took連在一起的，所以是take sb. to some place領(lǐng)某人去某地。

　　第九處：obvious→obviously　考查形容詞與副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞proved用副詞。

　　第十處：all→both　考查代詞。此處提到了兩個(gè)人Jack Ma和Jerry Yang。