閱讀理解：
Absent employees cost you money for sure, but what about sick employees that come to work? Move over absenteeism.It seems “presenteeism” has become a far worse workplace problem in terms of causing loss; that is, loss of employee productivity and loss of employer dollars.By the way, presenteeism could mean the practice of workers working when ill and not operating on their usual level of productivity.The total cost of inefficiency of US employers has been increasing, ranging from about $150 to $250 billion annually, while cost of presenteeism makes up 60 percent of the total cost.
Dualearner (雙職工) families now account for about 2/3 of all married couples, up from 1/3 in the 1970s.Without a stayathome parent taking care of a sick child, more workers will go to work when ill in order to save their limited sick days (付薪病休日) for when their children are sick.
In today's workplaces, some workers go to work when sick also because they fear the following: appearing less hardworking, receiving disciplinary action (紀(jì)律處分), or even losing their jobs.A day or more off can also mean coming back with more work loads or missing work deadlines.
According to the 2004 CCH Survey, disciplinary action remained the most commonly used absence control program.Employers want their employees to be on the job and use as few sick days as possible, but CCH says employers that rely on disciplinary action are unknowingly encouraging presenteeism.Employers need to check and make sure that absence control programs are not counterproductive (達(dá)不到預(yù)期目標(biāo)的).Programs such as disciplinary action may in fact force sick employees to work, and this could encourage presenteeism.
Besides, set up and communicate policies to help employees understand under what conditions they should stay home, and when it's OK to return to work.Employees need to know where their company stands on coming to work in sick, and how doing so can affect others.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。Presenteeism(假性出勤)是近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)新名詞，它有很多意思，其中一個(gè)是指員工在生病時(shí)還繼續(xù)上班的行為。有研究表明，假性出勤對(duì)企業(yè)造成的損失比起曠工還要嚴(yán)重。
1.What does the first paragraph mainly say about presenteeism?
A.The true meaning of it.
B.The huge loss caused by it.
C.Its difference from absenteeism.
D.Its connection with low productivity.
解析：選B 推理判斷題。綜合分析第一段可知，本段著重介紹presenteeism (假性出勤) 這一現(xiàn)象對(duì)企業(yè)造成的嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。
2.Why do more working parents prefer to work when ill?
A.To have time to care for sick kids.
B.To enjoy more family time later.
C.To earn more money for the family.
D.To live up to employers' expectations.
解析：選A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，隨著雙職工家庭的增加，家長(zhǎng)無(wú)法有一方在家照顧生病的孩子，因此更多的人生病也要上班，為的是把付薪病休日留出來(lái)，以備孩子生病時(shí)有人照顧。
3.What is the author's attitude to absence control programs?
A.Negative.
B.Positive.
C.Cautious.
D.Confused.
解析：選C 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。分析倒數(shù)第二段可知，目前紀(jì)律處分是控制缺勤最常用的辦法，但研究表明它也會(huì)鼓勵(lì)presenteeism (假性出勤)的發(fā)生，雇主應(yīng)該確保控制缺勤的計(jì)劃不會(huì)有消極的影響。由此可知，作者對(duì)于這些計(jì)劃持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。
4.Which of the following suggestions will the author give employers?
A.Offer longer paid sick leave.
B.Turn away those breaking the rules.
C.Create a more relaxed atmosphere.
D.Teach employees the related principles.
解析：選D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。綜合分析最后一段可知，作者建議雇主建立并推廣公司的相關(guān)政策，以幫助員工們理解什么情況下應(yīng)該待在家里，什么時(shí)候可以回來(lái)工作。也就是使他們明白公司的相關(guān)原則。
Throughout my educational years, despite the kind teachers I had met, I never felt interest in writing until I met her, Mrs.Kelley.At first, I believed that writing would still be my worst class.Gradually, my fondness increased.She taught the lesson in such a lively way and her word choice impressed me.But that was not what made her my favorite.Unlike other teachers, after instructions, she gave an enormous amount of freedom in what we wrote, allowing us to create our own stories using our imagination.And that mattered most.
There was one really revolutionary event: the historical fiction unit.We were to invent our own stories using the period we were given.World War Ⅱ was mine.At that point, I was just looking for a good grade.Rather than creating a mundane (平淡的) story, I wanted to make a story that I felt was meaningful.As I progressed, I was pulled further and further into the reality that I had made.Grammar no longer existed, as my hands gained acceleration.When I typed the final word, my hands trembled with excitement.Briefly, I read it over and then submitted the draft.
In the midst of anxiousness, Mrs.Kelley responded.She pointed out some mistakes and gave some suggestions.Sadly, there were no comments of recognition.I fixed the errors and moved on.But when waiting for the final grade, I erased all the unrealistic thoughts that wandered in my mind.
In the next class, surprisingly, after handing back my paper, Mrs.Kelley mentioned that my story was very good.I looked at her in confusion.Soon excitement stirred inside me.I found a “+5” attached to the score.She had given an extra point in “Plot”， adding an “Excellent!” No other teacher had done this.On that day, I felt what it means to be a writer.Mrs.Kelley introduced me to the beauty of literature and made writing so enjoyable.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者以前一直對(duì)寫作不感興趣，在Kelley老師的引導(dǎo)下，他逐漸感受到寫作的樂(lè)趣，繼而全身心投入其中，最終獲得了老師的肯定。
5.What made Mrs.Kelley so special according to the author?
A.Her patience and kindness.
B.Her confidence in students.
C.Her creative teaching style.
D.Her professional knowledge.
解析：選C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Unlike other teachers, after instructions, she gave an enormous amount of freedom in what we wrote, allowing us to create our own stories using our imagination.”可知，Kelley老師最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于她的授課方式很有創(chuàng)意，她給予學(xué)生充分的自由，允許他們發(fā)揮自己的想象力進(jìn)行寫作。
6.What does the author mainly want to tell us in the second paragraph?
A.He was interested in war themes.
B.He should have polished the fiction.
C.He was anxious to finish the assignment.
D.He devoted himself to the writing process.
解析：選D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“I wanted to make a story that I felt was meaningful.As I progressed, I was pulled further and further into the reality that I had made.Grammar no longer existed, as my hands gained acceleration”可知，本段作者主要介紹他在接到寫作任務(wù)后，決心要寫一篇有意義的作文，于是奮筆疾書，全身心投入寫作中。
7.How did the author feel when Mrs.Kelley responded at first?
A.Excited.
B.Worried.
C.Surprised.
D.Disappointed.
解析：選D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Sadly, there were no comments of recognition.”可知，Kelley老師沒(méi)有給出認(rèn)可性的評(píng)論，這令作者有些沮喪。
8.What was the biggest benefit the author got from Mrs.Kelley's class?
A.Recognizing his talent.
B.Finding the joy of writing.
C.Determining his lifetime career.
D.Acquiring practical writing skills.
解析：選B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容特別是最后一段中“On that day, I felt what it means to be a writer.Mrs.Kelley introduced me to the beauty of literature and made writing so enjoyable.”可知，在Kelley老師的教導(dǎo)下，作者由原來(lái)的不感興趣到逐漸愛(ài)上寫作這門課，感受到文學(xué)的魅力以及寫作的快樂(lè)，這是他最大的收獲。
閱讀七選五
Living with a diet that doesn't include all the animals and animal byproducts (副產(chǎn)品) is termed as vegetarianism (素食主義).It contains different types of vegetarians.
Those who don't eat meat of any kind, eggs, milk products, or even don't consume processed foods containing any ingredients from animals are termed as vegans.__1__ Vegetarians who don't eat any type of animal meat or even eggs but consume milk are called lacto vegetarians.Vegetarians who don't consume any kind of animal meat or milk but eat eggs are called ovo vegetarians.
Vegetarianism is accepted and practiced by many people, but each one has his or her reasons.Some people do it for better health.They think vegetarianism is a healthy diet.__2__ They think it's cruel for human beings to kill animals for their nutrition when vegetarian options are available.__3__ Some religions don't allow their believers to consume nonvegetarian food.
__4__ For example, it can prevent several diseases like heart diseases and cancer.Eating fresh vegetables, fruit and other vegetarian foods like whole grains can help keep a healthy body weight.A vegetarian diet can help improve the process of digestion and thus help the body get rid of poisonous waste products.__5__ Many scientists have also stated that vegetarianism contributes to reducing the effects of global warming.
A.There are many vegetarians.
B.Fruitarians only eat fresh fruit.
C.A vegetarian diet has many health benefits.
D.Many people do it because of their love for animals.
E.It's good to have a vegetarian diet but eat meat at times.
F.Thus, generally vegetarians live longer than nonvegetarians.
G.Many people practice vegetarianism owing to their religious beliefs.
1.選B 根據(jù)第一段最后一句和本段的內(nèi)容可知，本段介紹了四類素食者：vegans, fruitarians, lacto vegetarians, ovo vegetarians。本空介紹了果食主義者。
2.選D 根據(jù)本段第一句的“each one has his or her reasons”可知，該段介紹人們素食的原因;空后一句“They think it's cruel for human beings to kill animals for their nutrition”與D項(xiàng)中“their love for animals”相吻合，故正確答案為D。
3.選G 下一句對(duì)本空進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的闡述，都是圍繞religion這一原因，故正確答案為G。
4.選C 根據(jù)本段的內(nèi)容及設(shè)空位置可知，本空為本段的中心句。本段主要講了素食的益處，故正確答案為C。
5.選F 上文指出，素食可以預(yù)防疾病、維持健康體重、促進(jìn)消化、排出身體的毒素，因此，素食主義者往往壽命更長(zhǎng)，故正確答案為F。
