考點一、狀語從句中的省略

(1) 當(dāng)主句主語與從句主語相同(或從句主語為it)，并且從句謂語中含be動詞，常將從句主語和be動詞省略，構(gòu)成省略形式。

(2) as / than引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句時，從句通常使用省略形式。如：He earns less than his wife (does).

When _____ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012安徽)

A. asking B. asked

C. having asked D. to be asked

解析：BWhen引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，When he was asked for his views about his teaching job。

考點二、動詞不定式的省略

(1)在主動語態(tài)中，感官動詞或使役動詞后接不定式作補足語時將不定式符號to省略。

【考例】

The director had her assistant _____ some hot dogs for the meeting.

A. picked up B. picks up

C. pick up D. picking up

解析： Chad是使役動詞，to。

(2) 在同一句話或同一情景對話中，當(dāng)同一動作再次出現(xiàn)在后面的不定式位置上時，可以只保留不定式符號to。

【考例】

The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _____. (2013課標(biāo)1)

A. not to do B. not to

C. not do D. do not

解析：B “在路邊停車”這一動作前面已經(jīng)提到，：… but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside.

句式would have done sth, should have done sth, ought to have done sth, needn’t have done sth, used to be...等省略形式為 would have, should have, ought to have, needn’t have, used to be。要保留不定式后的have或be。如：

—Are you a sailor?

—No, but I used to be (a sailor).

so / not

英語中常用so / not等來代替省略的肯定內(nèi)容或否定內(nèi)容，I’m afraid / I hope / I think / I guess / I believe / I expect / I suppose等開頭的答語中，： if so / if not

【考例1】

—Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?

—_____ Wait till you are old enough, dear. (2010全國I)

A. Will you? B. Why not?

C. I hope so. D. I’m afraid not.

解析： D： I don’t think so. = I think not. I don’t expect so. = I expect not.

—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?

—_____.

A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess

C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not

解析：DI guess not 中的not 并不是否定動詞guess的，，： (that) the boys are not doing a good job at all. ， I guess not“我不這么猜想”，“我想是的”或“我看他們干得不好”。

考點三、情景交際中的省略

在情景對話中，常常省略大家都知道的內(nèi)容或不會引起歧義的部分，只保留主干部分或關(guān)鍵詞。

【考例】

—Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.

—Sure. _____. (2012四川)

A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will

解析：D。答語句意：當(dāng)然，我會的。I will后面省略了come back again sometime。

倒裝

考點一、完全倒裝

(一)在here, there, now, then, away, down, in, up, off, out等副詞開頭的句子中(主語一般為名詞，be, come, go, run等)，

【考例】

Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____. (2009上海)

A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief

C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief

解析：D。句意：一聽到狗叫得厲害，小偷趕緊逃走了。副詞away位于句頭，使用完全倒裝。

(二) 地點狀語位于句首時，主語為名詞且謂語動詞為不及物動詞(如lie, stand, sit等)，常使用完全倒裝句式。

【考例】

At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____, one of the ten largest cities in China.

A. lies Chongqing

B. Chongqing lies

C. does lie Chongqing

D. does Chongqing lie

解析：A：At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. (2013遼寧)

A. they actually broke

B. do they actually break

C. did they actually break

D. they had actually broken

解析：C。at no time為否定詞語，因此主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：實際上他們從沒有打破游戲規(guī)則。處罰他們是不公平的。

(二)“only+狀語”位于句首時引起的部分倒裝

【考例】

Only with the greatest of luck _____ to escape from the rising flood waters. (2012上海)

A. managed she B. she managed

C. did she manage D. she did manage

解析：C。句意：她最終逃脫了上漲的洪水，只是因為運氣極佳。

(三) 在so…that句型中，如果so引導(dǎo)的部分位于句首，則主句要使用部分倒裝。

【考例】

So sudden _____ that the enemy had no time to escape.

A. did the attack B. the attack did

C. was the attack D. the attack was

解析：C。句意：這次襲擊非常突然以至于敵人沒有時間逃跑。sudden是形容詞，在句中作表語，故動詞應(yīng)用was。

(四) as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句置于句首時引起的部分倒裝(although不能引導(dǎo)倒裝)。其倒裝句型是：表語(形容詞或單個名詞)/ 狀語 / 謂語中的行為動詞(動詞原形)+as / though+主語+…。

【考例】

Hot _____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (2012陜西)

A. although B. as

C. while D. however

解析：BHot as the night air was盡管夜晚的空氣很熱。

(五) so / neither / nor位于句首表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或物， so 用于肯定情況，neither / nor用于否定情況。其句型是： so / neither / nor+ / 系動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞+

【考例】

Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _____.

A. I was neither B. neither was I

C. I was either D. either was I

解析：B：

The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _____ it a thought.

A. does he even give B. he even gives

C. will he even give D. he will even give

解析：C

This is not my story, nor _____ the whole story. My story plays out differently.

A. is there B. there is

C. is it D. it is

解析：C。句中it代指前面的This，nor在句中表示連續(xù)的否定。

(2) neither…nor…連接并列成分，且neither和nor放于句首，前后都倒裝。連接并列主語時不倒裝。

Neither does he work hard, nor is he interested in math.

Neither he nor I am a student.

(3) 表示對對方所說的話加以肯定或贊同時，不用倒裝語序，意為“的確，真的”。如 ：

—John is very polite. 約翰很有禮貌�！猄o he is. 他確實如此。

(4) 當(dāng)前面有兩個(或兩個以上)不同動作也適用于后者時，常用“so + it + be + with + sb”結(jié)構(gòu)。

(六) hardly…when / no sooner…than / not until等連接復(fù)合句時，如果hardly, no sooner, not until放于句首，主句使用部分倒裝，從句不倒裝; not only…but also連接并列分句時，如果not only放于句首, 前一個分句使用部分倒裝，后一個分句不倒裝。

【考例1】

Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _____ having a holiday abroad.

A. he had considered B. had he considered

C. he considered D. did he consider

解析：D

The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _____, but students became more interested in the lessons.

A. saved was teachers’ energy

B. was teachers’ energy saved

C. teachers’ energy was saved

D. was saved teachers’ energy

解析：Bnot only…but also…連接并列分句，not only

【考例3】

—Did Linda see the traffic accident?

—No, no sooner _____ than it happened.

A. had she gone B. she had gone

C. has she gone D. she has gone

解析：Ano sooner…than句型，no sooner位于句首時，： Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients.

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