Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.

　　Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.

　　Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.

　　1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it _____.

　　A. was difficult to collect

　　B. came in a variety of forms

　　C. was difficult to get rid of

　　D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects

　　參考答案：C 答案是開頭的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it. Dispose of “處理解決”。

　　2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?

　　A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.

　　B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.

　　C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.

　　D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.

　　參考答案：B 答案在第一段的第三句中。他們設(shè)計了一種收集系統(tǒng)，它不但利用身體的熱，還收集由燈泡、冰箱等散發(fā)出來的熱。有了這兩種熱能，作者指出在校園中已無需任何conventional fuel。

　　3.The phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means _____.

　　A. if the winter is especially warm

　　B. during all of the year except the winter

　　C. in the winter as well as in other seasons

　　D. during the evenings in the winter

　　參考答案：C 第二段中說：大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代化的大樓有些部分-戲院、辦公室以及教室是用人體和燈光的熱來供熱的，有時候甚至在冬天的空調(diào)也是由它們來供熱。Even意為“甚至”。

　　4. The phrase "heat recovery" refers to a _____.

　　A. method of concealing the source of heat

　　B. special form of air conditioning

　　C. supplementary hot water system

　　D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat

　　參考答案：D 回收再利用熱能。此題考察學(xué)生對全文的總結(jié)能力，以及reclaim和re-use的詞義。

　　5. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?

　　A. A fat female who studies hard.

　　B. A thin female who does not study.

　　C. A fat male who does not study.

　　D. A thin male who studies hard.

　　參考答案：B 最后一段倒數(shù)第二句說：男學(xué)生發(fā)出的熱量比女生發(fā)出的熱量多，學(xué)生體重越重產(chǎn)生的熱量越多。學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的比學(xué)習(xí)不刻苦的產(chǎn)生的熱量多。所以最瘦的女生產(chǎn)生的熱量最少。

　　One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon—it's already here.

　　While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.

　　Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

　　6. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ______.

　　A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes

　　B. obtain more convenient services than other people do

　　C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper

　　D. cash money wherever he wishes to

　　參考答案：B)。短文第一段是關(guān)于信用卡(credit card)的。B項的根據(jù)是第一段中的They (credit cards) give their owners automatic credit in stores…和...can be read automatically.既然信用卡能在商店、餐館、旅店、家里、全國各地、甚至國外等各種場合自動給予“信用”，那么信用卡持有人當(dāng)然會比其他得到更為方便的服務(wù)。A)是陪襯項，明顯不對;C)項解釋錯誤;根據(jù)withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations判斷D)項錯。

　　7. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ______.

　　A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cards

　　B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today

　　C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash

　　D. it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before

　　參考答案：C)。本題是語義理解題。第一段最后一句意思是“對我們大多數(shù)人來說，‘無現(xiàn)金的社會’不是在地平線上(即不是剛剛出現(xiàn)的新事物)，在這兒已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了”。句中many of us指我們許多美國人，it's already here中的it指cashless society，即“不用現(xiàn)金支付”。顯然C)項是這句話的含義。最后一句話只談到cashless society的已經(jīng)存在，既推不出A)，也推不出B)。

　　8. The phrase "ring up sales" (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means ______.

　　A. make an order of goods

　　B. record sales on a cash register

　　C. call the sales manager

　　D. keep track of the goods in stock

　　參考答案：B)。本題考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測詞義的能力。短語所在的句子是比較級句型，根據(jù)“比較對象一致”的原則可知，ring up sales與“電子現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)”electronic cash register屬于同類東西。又根據(jù)下文They can keep a wide range of records, including…，可知electronic cash register能記許多東西，提供各種銷售信息，從這兩方面可猜測B項是ring up sales的意思，即現(xiàn)金收錄記錄機(jī)，一種功能單一的現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)。A)項解釋毫無根據(jù)，C)項離得太遠(yuǎn)，D)項是electronic cash register的功能之一。故B)為最佳答案。

　　9. The second paragraph focuses upon the purpose of ______.

　　A. giving some specific examples of how businessmen rely on computers

　　B. convincing us how useful computers are to sellers

　　C. conveying computers are derived from promotion campaign

　　D. supporting the idea that we rely on computers completely

　　參考答案：B)。題干問“第二段的主要用途是什么”?A)項為了提供一些商人怎樣依賴于電腦的確切例子;B)項為了使我們相信計算機(jī)對商人有多么重要;C)項表明計算機(jī)起源于推銷運(yùn)動;D)項為了證明我們完全依賴于電腦�？v觀全文可知，通篇第二段在講計算機(jī)對商人的種種用途，因此，答案為B)。

　　10. What is this passage mainly about?

　　A. Approaches to the commercial use of computers.

　　B. Conveniences brought about by computers in business.

　　C. Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.

　　D. Advantages of credit cards in business.

　　參考答案：B)。本題為中心思想測試題。第一段介紹了計算機(jī)使credit card持有人存款、存、支付等極其方便;第二段講計算機(jī)給銷售商帶來許多便利，第三段講了計算機(jī)運(yùn)用的廣泛性，而且都是商業(yè)方面的運(yùn)用，由此可知，本文主題思想應(yīng)為B)(計算機(jī)在商業(yè)中所帶來的好處)。A)項計算機(jī)的商用方法;C)項商業(yè)自動化的重要性;D)項商業(yè)中信用卡的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。A)、C)、D)均不是本短文的主題思想。