Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 1__________ over the centuries.During the 1950‘s and 1960’s especially，increased attention has been devoted to 2__________ the reading process. 3__________ specialists agree that reading 4__________ a complex organization of higher mental 5__________ ， they disagree 6__________ the exact nature of the process.Some experts，who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds，7__________ reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8__________ .

　　These authorities 9__________ that meaning，being concerned with thinking，must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10__________ related to thinking，and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11__________ their meaning is not truly reading.The reader，12__________ some，is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13__________ reads.

　　Many adults，although they have the ability to read，have never read a book in its 14__________ .By some expert they would not be 15 __________as readers.Clearly，the philosophy， objectives，methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16__________ and satisfactory definition，reading is the ability to 17__________ the sound-symbols code of the language，to interpret meaning for various 18__________ ，at various rates，and at various levels of difficulty，and to do 19__________ widely and enthusiastically. 20__________ reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

　　1.A.substantively B.substantially C.substitutively D.subjectivel

　　2.A.define and describe B.definition and description

　　C.defining and describing D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

　　4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

　　6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

　　7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree

　　8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

　　9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly C.inextricably D.inexpedientl

　　11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

　　12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

　　13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually

　　14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

　　15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

　　17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.ste

　　19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

　　20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other han