Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 1__________ over the centuries.During the 1950‘s and 1960’s especially，increased attention has been devoted to 2__________ the reading process. 3__________ specialists agree that reading 4__________ a complex organization of higher mental 5__________ ， they disagree 6__________ the exact nature of the process.Some experts，who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds，7__________ reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8__________ .

　　These authorities 9__________ that meaning，being concerned with thinking，must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10__________ related to thinking，and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11__________ their meaning is not truly reading.The reader，12__________ some，is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13__________ reads.

　　Many adults，although they have the ability to read，have never read a book in its 14__________ .By some expert they would not be 15 __________as readers.Clearly，the philosophy， objectives，methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16__________ and satisfactory definition，reading is the ability to 17__________ the sound-symbols code of the language，to interpret meaning for various 18__________ ，at various rates，and at various levels of difficulty，and to do 19__________ widely and enthusiastically. 20__________ reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

　　1.A.substantively B.substantially C.substitutively D.subjectivel

　　2.A.define and describe B.definition and description

　　C.defining and describing D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

　　4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

　　6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

　　7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree

　　8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

　　9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly C.inextricably D.inexpedientl

　　11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

　　12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

　　13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually

　　14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

　　15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

　　17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.ste

　　19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

　　20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other han

　　【參考答案及解析】

　　1.[答案]B

　　[解析]substantively“實(shí)質(zhì)地”;substantially“大量地”;substitutively“可替代地”;subjectively“主觀地”。本句意為經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，閱讀的概念已經(jīng)改變了很多。

　　2.[答案]C

　　[解析]在這里to是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。因本句中the reading process前也應(yīng)有動(dòng)詞，故選動(dòng)名詞

　　3.[答案]A

　　[解析]although表示“盡管”，符合句意。

　　4.[答案]A

　　[解析]involve使卷入、包括;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)用be involved in;沒(méi)有involve to和involve of的用法。

　　5.[答案]D

　　[解析]mental function智力活動(dòng)。Opinion“意見(jiàn)”;manner“行為”;effect“影響”，這三項(xiàng)與mental搭配不妥。

　　6.[答案]B

　　[解析]disagree about/on“對(duì)……有不同意見(jiàn)”，在這一含義上不能用其他介詞。

　　7.[答案]A

　　[解析]view…as把……看作。

　　8.[答案]D

　　[解析]stand for“代表”;stand by“支持”;stand to“遵守”;stand off“冷淡”。

　　9.[答案]B

　　[解析]contend“爭(zhēng)論”;content“含量、容量”;contempt“輕視、蔑視”;contact“接觸、聯(lián)系”。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)選contend，意為這些權(quán)威爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)……。

　　10.[答案]A

　　[解析]inexplicably“無(wú)法解釋地”;inextricably“無(wú)法擺脫的”;inexpressibly“說(shuō)不出地”;inexpediently“不適當(dāng)?shù)�、不明智地”。本句意為其他人�?jiān)持認(rèn)為閱讀無(wú)法解釋地與思考聯(lián)系在一起。

　　11.[答案]A

　　[解析]interpreting“理解”;explaining“解釋”。本句意為一個(gè)孩子能發(fā)出聲音而不理解所讀的含義，不能叫做真正的閱讀。

　　12.[答案]C

　　[解析]在這里according to some是說(shuō)“根據(jù)一些人的觀點(diǎn)”。

　　13.[答案]D

　　[解析]actually“事實(shí)上地”;practical是形容詞，不能修飾動(dòng)詞。這里actually和前半句的theoretical是在詞意上的相對(duì)，符合句意。

　　14.[答案]B

　　[解析]代詞its后接名詞，四項(xiàng)選擇中只有B、D項(xiàng)是名詞。entirety“整體”;entity“實(shí)體”。in its entirety指整體地、全面地。

　　15.[答案]C

　　[解析]be classified as“被劃分、被分類到”;be granted“被授予”。

　　16.[答案]C

　　[解析]conclusive“確定的”;inclusive“包括的、包圍的”;inclinable“傾向于、贊成的”;complicated“復(fù)雜的”。the most conclusive是最高級(jí)，指最確定性的

　　17.[答案]D

　　[解析]unlock“解開、破譯”;elaborate“詳細(xì)說(shuō)明、論述”;define“解釋、限定”;break up“解散”。

　　18.[答案]A

　　[解析]for various purposes因?yàn)楦鞣N各樣的原因，與上下文相符。

　　19.[答案]C

　　[解析]此處用副詞so修飾widely

　　20.[答案]B

　　[解析]根據(jù)文意，此處要作總結(jié)，選in short“總之”。By the way順便說(shuō)，So far到目前為止，on the other hand另一方面。