The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be "all things to all people". In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, "the nation's colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials(文憑)than in providing a quality education for their students." The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an "integrated core" of common learning. Such a core would introduce students "to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus."

　　Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed "Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most." Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree tenure(終身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.”

　　1.When a college tries to be "all things to all people", it aims to _______.

　　A. satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously

　　B. focus on training students in various skills

　　C. encourage students to take as many courses as possible

　　D. make learning serve academic rather than productive ends

　　Best Answer:C

　　詳解：答案C。本文問(wèn)及當(dāng)一個(gè)大學(xué)想滿足各種人的各種需要時(shí)，它的目標(biāo)是什么。從文章第一段第二句話可知很多大學(xué)的all things to all people(滿足各種人的各種需要)這一宗旨是迎合了找工作的需要，為了滿足這種急功近利、缺乏遠(yuǎn)見的需求，學(xué)校為學(xué)生提供了大量可供選擇的學(xué)科(offered a variety of options)(第一段第五句話)。由此兩處可知這些學(xué)校這樣做的目的是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生研習(xí)盡可能多的課程，故C項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)表明的內(nèi)容只是一種結(jié)果而不是學(xué)校的目的。D項(xiàng)是對(duì)put learning to productive ends(學(xué)習(xí)為長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的、富有成效的目的服務(wù))的一種曲解。

　　2.By saying that "in too many academic fields, the work has no context" the author means that the teaching in these areas______.

　　A. ignores the actual situation

　　B. is not based on the right perspective

　　C. only focuses on an integrated core of common learning

　　D. gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students

　　Best Answer:B

　　詳解：答案B。下文中skills, rather than means, have become ends(學(xué)習(xí)的目的是獲得技能，而不是獲得某種方法)是對(duì)題干中引號(hào)內(nèi)部分的具體闡釋，這正是B項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思：教學(xué)并非建立在正確的觀點(diǎn)上，因此B項(xiàng)正確。C、D兩項(xiàng)是作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該持有的正確教學(xué)觀點(diǎn)，而這恰好是很多大學(xué)忽視了的地方。故選B項(xiàng)。

　　3. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that _______.

　　A. a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges

　　B. students don’t have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn

　　C. skills are being taught as a means to an end

　　D. students are only interested in obtaining credentials

　　Best Answer:A

　　詳解：答案A。文章第一段第二句話告訴我們，現(xiàn)在美國(guó)的許多大學(xué)里出現(xiàn)的教學(xué)危機(jī)正是因?yàn)闉榱擞�合找工作的需要所致，也就是說(shuō)，僅僅為了尋找工作這種狹隘的思想支配了很多大學(xué)的教學(xué)方向，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)與文章意思正好相反;C項(xiàng)是對(duì)skills, rather than means, have become ends的曲解;獲得文憑是找工作的條件之一，但學(xué)生自己是否僅僅對(duì)獲得文憑感興趣，文中并未明確表明這一觀點(diǎn)，故D項(xiàng)也不對(duì)。此題選A項(xiàng)。