Although water gives life, it can also transmit disease, from cholera and typhoid to leprosy and trachoma--a leading cause of blindness among children. Mosquitoes, and flies that breed in water bring yellow fever,malaria(痢疾)and sleeping sickness in their wake, so adequate piped water supplies are needed to eliminate the need for people to gather in such an area.

　　In rural areas,women and children spend a major part of their time going out to collect water,often walking many miles each day to provide just the minimum family needs for cooking, washing and drinking. And they can't carry vast amounts while walking over rough fields bearing a heavy bucket.

　　Because children have to play their part in family life, and that includes getting water, they may be unable to go to school, or be so tired when they get there that they have difficulty learning. They may even have to spend the whole day without a drink as there may not be any clean water there, either.

　　Last year,UNICEF aimed to get almost 920,000 water systems installed,to bene- fit 20 million people,working where it is most desperately needed,often just to ensure survival. A well may mean the difference between life and death.

　　The purpose of this passage is to

　　A. inform the reader

　　B. warn the reader

　　C. advise the reader

　　D. entertain the reader

　　這篇文章是關(guān)于世界上水的現(xiàn)狀。按照四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，如果是讓讀者了解的A，就應(yīng)提供關(guān)于水的現(xiàn)狀的各方面信息;如果是要警告讀者的B，就要突出世界上缺水或水污染的嚴(yán)重性;如果是要?jiǎng)窀孀x者的C，就要把重點(diǎn)放在告訴讀者如何節(jié)約用水，如何保護(hù)水源;如果只是為了消遣的D，筆調(diào)就要輕松，談些水的趣聞。讀了全文，第一段是關(guān)于水的一般狀況：盡管地球表面四分之三是水，但干凈的能食用的淡水不多，因?yàn)榇蟛糠质呛Ｋ�，剩下的許多被污染。第二段是說聯(lián)合國兒童組織如何開展水方面的工作，因?yàn)槿鄙俑蓛舻哪苁秤玫乃�是造成孩子疾病和殘廢的最根本原因。第三段是說食用了被污染的水會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么樣的疾病。第四、五段說許多農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人們找水的艱辛，特別是兒童為找水不能去上學(xué)。最后一段是說聯(lián)合國兒童組織在幫助這些地區(qū)解決水方面取得的成績。根據(jù)全文A、B有可能，但仔細(xì)比較，可以推測作者主要目的還是介紹A，并不是警告。因?yàn)槿�文是在提供各方面的信息，而說警告，只有開始兩段勉強(qiáng)有點(diǎn)意思。可見，判斷寫作目的，還要注意作者論述的重心，以及材料的詳略安排。