1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老師告訴我說(shuō)湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。.

　　China is a country which has a long history. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。

　　In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一個(gè)來(lái)自非洲的人。

　　2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例

　　Last summer I visited the People's Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會(huì)議。

　　注意區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義：

　　Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。(意含： 她還有其他哥哥。)

　　Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。(意含： 她只有一個(gè)哥哥。)

　　難點(diǎn)釋疑：

　　(一)限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況。

　　1.當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時(shí)。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老師講的你都記下來(lái)了嗎?

　　There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)似乎世界上沒(méi)有什么不可能的事。

　　All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。

　　There is little that I can do for you. 我不能為你干什么。

　　He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在圖書(shū)館查找所需的資料。.

　　注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：

　　Any man that / who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing. 任何有責(zé)任感的人都不會(huì)做這樣的事。

　　All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有應(yīng)邀來(lái)參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。

　　2.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

　　如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

　　在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。

　　3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

　　如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

　　4.當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)。

　　如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 這正是我要買的詞典。

　　After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過(guò)后，那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。.

　　注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：

　　Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王華是我校唯一出席會(huì)議的人。

　　5.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。

　　如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門(mén)口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?

　　Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身?

　　6.當(dāng)先行詞為人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。

　　如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 他們談?wù)撝�他們所能記起的在校時(shí)的人和事。

　　Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那個(gè)沿街走來(lái)的人和他的 毛驢。

　　(二)關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　as 和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。

　　1. as和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如：

　　He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。

　　He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來(lái)。

　　2. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如：

　　As is known to all, China is a developing country. 眾所周知，中國(guó)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

　　He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，這一點(diǎn)我們從他的口音可以知道。

　　John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，約翰是個(gè)著名作家。

　　Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don't believe. 張華已去過(guò)巴黎十多次了，這一點(diǎn)我不相信。

　　注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：

　　Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。.

　　These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 這些桌子是金屬的，這使得這些桌子很重。