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      成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)及難點(diǎn)釋疑:過(guò)去分詞

      來(lái)源:考試網(wǎng)  [ 2016年1月14日 ]  【

      過(guò)去分詞

        1. 分詞的定義

        動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞即過(guò)去分詞,是由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,一般只有一種形式。

        2. 過(guò)去分詞的語(yǔ)法作用

        1)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),主要表示主語(yǔ)的心理感覺(jué)或所處的狀態(tài)。

        如:He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。

        2)過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ):

        單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在名詞的前面,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如:

        The excited people rushed into the building. 激動(dòng)的人們奔進(jìn)了大樓。

        過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)通常放在被修飾的詞后面,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如:

        The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外國(guó)專家提出來(lái)的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。

        過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ),前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。如:

        The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 這些書(shū)是魯迅寫(xiě)的,受到了許多中國(guó)人民的喜愛(ài)。

        The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 這次會(huì)議獲得很大的成功,共有一千個(gè)學(xué)生出席了。

        3)過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ):

        過(guò)去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)一樣,也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨情況。

       、俦頃r(shí)間,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可加連詞when或while來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。如:

        Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 從山頂上看,這個(gè)城市就像一個(gè)大花園。

        Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入黨以后,他決定獻(xiàn)身于黨的事業(yè)。

       、诒碓颍喈(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如:

        Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激動(dòng)的人們被那個(gè)故事深深地感動(dòng)了,停止了爭(zhēng)吵。

        Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了講演的鼓舞,年輕人決定起來(lái)從事斗爭(zhēng)。

        ③表?xiàng)l件,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可用if等詞。如:

        Given another chance, he will do better. 再給他一次機(jī)會(huì),他會(huì)做得更好。

        Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. 和你哥哥相比,你應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。

        If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加熱,會(huì)變成水蒸氣。

       、鼙碜尣剑喈(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:

        Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡,他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜。

        Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 盡管被許多人嘲笑,他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。

       、荼矸绞交虬殡S情況。如:

        The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那個(gè)老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。

        Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問(wèn)題。

        4)過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):

        過(guò)去分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如:。

        When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么時(shí)候去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒?

        When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard. 當(dāng)你在作報(bào)告時(shí),你應(yīng)該講響一點(diǎn)使自己被人聽(tīng)清。

        當(dāng)這類句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),過(guò)去分詞用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如:

        One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個(gè)杯子破了。

        They should be kept informed of the situation there. 應(yīng)該讓他們知道那兒的形勢(shì)。

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