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      成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料:人稱代詞主格與賓格的選擇方法

      來(lái)源:考試網(wǎng)  [ 2015年12月15日 ]  【

        英語(yǔ)中的人稱代詞(Personal Pronouns)有主格、賓格和所有格之 分,如:

        I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。

        顧名思義,主格(The nominative case)用作主語(yǔ),賓格(The objective case)用作賓語(yǔ),所有格(The possessive case)則表示所有之物。

        在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,主格和賓格代詞有時(shí)會(huì)混淆。下面是常見的問題:

        ⒈在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)里,人稱代詞的主格和賓格在單獨(dú)使用時(shí),沒有問題,如很少人會(huì)犯下這樣的錯(cuò)誤:

        (1)Wilcox spoke to I.

        (2)Her knew what had happened.

        但在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,錯(cuò)誤就難免了,如:

        (3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.

        (4)He and her knew what had happened.

        (5)This is between you and he.

        這種錯(cuò)誤是可避免的。第一,在有介詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,特別要注意,第二個(gè)人稱代詞,必須用賓語(yǔ),如:"for you and me"和 "between Maria and him".第二,試把復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的另一部分暫時(shí)用括號(hào)圍起來(lái),那么該用的格就容易辨別了,如:

        (6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.

        (7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.

        顯然的,(5)里的代詞是賓格的"me", (6)里的代詞是主格的"he".

       、苍诒容^結(jié)構(gòu)里,連接詞"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口語(yǔ)中,人們常用賓格形式,學(xué)美式英語(yǔ)者,更是如此:

        (8)a. You did as well as she.

        b. You did as well as her.

        (9)a. I am older than he.

        b. I am older than him.

        (a)和(b)兩種說(shuō)法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后頭分句的主語(yǔ)和詞動(dòng)都要完整出現(xiàn)的話,這時(shí)的人稱代詞,就必須是主格,如下:

        (10)You did as well as she did.

        (11)I am older than he is .

        此外,還有一點(diǎn)要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面雖然在語(yǔ)法上用主格好,用賓格也可,但是有時(shí)意思會(huì)有所不同。試比較(a)和(b):

        (12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.

        b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.

        (12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B:

        (13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).

        b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.

        顯然,這兩句的深層意思大有差別。遇到這種情形,為了避免誤解,不妨根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思用完整的句式表達(dá)出來(lái)。換句話說(shuō),必要的話,要用(13)這句子。

        不然,把(13)a變成(14), (13)b變成(15)也可:

        (14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.

        (15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.

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