過去分詞短語可以表達(dá)下列四種意思：

　�、宸椒ɑ蚧顒�(dòng)方式，如：

　　● He walked up and down, lost in thought.

　　● I sat before the desk until after mid-night, absorbed in writing.

　　● Surrounded by a host of fans, the film star left the airport excitedly.

　�、嬖�因，如：

　　● Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the place.

　　● Taken by surprise, the enemy surrendered.

　�、鐣r(shí)間，如：

　　● Born and bred in a turbulent age, the older generation of people experienced all sorts of hardships.

　　● Thrown to the floor, the boy regained his footing a few minutes later.

　　㈣條件，如：

　　● Given more time, the slow learners would have done better.

　　● Criticised by someone else, Tony would not have flared up like that.

　　除了直接修飾動(dòng)詞之外，過去分詞或短語也可以和連詞合組成短語，表示下列四種意思：

　�、庇� when, whenever, while, until 等連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“ 時(shí)間”，如：

　　● When asked about his previous job, Bill said he had been a motor mechanic.

　　● Susan seldom speaks in class until spoken to.

　�、灿� where, wherever 連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“地點(diǎn)”，如：

　　● Mosquitoes should be completely exterminated where found.

　　● Retirees in good health should be invited to return to work wherever needed.

　�、秤� if, unless 引導(dǎo)，表示“條件”，如：

　　● If kept for too long, some medicines will lose their effectiveness.

　　● We have made a point of not attacking unless attacked.

　�、从� though, although, even though 連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“讓步 ”，如：

　　● Though warned of the danger, they still went mountaineering.

　　● Even though defeated for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory.

　　此外，過去分詞短語還可以和介詞“with”或“without”連用，具副詞作用。如：

　　● With the water pipe choked, there wasn't any more water for use.

　　● Without anything left in the kitchen, the Wangs decided to eat out.

　　最后，過去分詞短語，在適當(dāng)情況下，可以有自己的主語而變成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(the absolute construction)，如：

　　● The old man listened, his head inclined to one side.