信箱里有一張裝修商的傳單，上面有這句話：

　　Exchange this leaflet for a free gift and also be entitle to a lucky draw with no purchase required.

　　這句話清楚嗎?很清楚!問(wèn)題是第二個(gè)并列分句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形態(tài)“entitle”不對(duì)。為什么不對(duì)呢?這就要從主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(the active voice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(the passive voice)的差別談起。

　　在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的主角，如：

　�、� I have just bought a new dictionary.

　�、� They will invite you to dinner.

　　在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里，賓語(yǔ)成為主角，原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)則靠邊站，移至句后，如：

　�、� A new dictionary has just been bought by me.

　　④ You will be invited to dinner by them.

　　在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)里，最重要的成分是接系動(dòng)詞“be”+主動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(be+past participle of the principal verb)。③里的“has been bought”和④里的“will be invited”便是這個(gè)成分。根據(jù)這原則，“be entitle”就要改為“be entitled”才行。

　　現(xiàn)在多看看幾個(gè)例子：

　�、� One must do the work properly.→The work must be properly done.

　�、� Someone took down the pictures.→The pictures were taken down.

　�、� Anne gave John a photo.→John was given a photo by Anne.

　　在⑤和⑥里，原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)不重要，所以在被動(dòng)句中被省略了。在 ⑦里，我們看到兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是直接賓語(yǔ)(direct object)“a photo”，另一個(gè)是間接賓語(yǔ)(indirect object)“John”。直接賓語(yǔ)一定是“事物”;間接賓語(yǔ)就是“人物”。

　　這樣的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，有兩種變法。除了“John was given a photo by Anne”之外，另一個(gè)方法是“A photo was given to John by Anne.”

　　在日常英語(yǔ)用途上，直接語(yǔ)態(tài)比間接語(yǔ)態(tài)用得多。但在下列情況中，則應(yīng)采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

　�、逯髡Z(yǔ)不詳，如：

　　① A puppy was knocked down.

　�、� Actions must be taken to improve the economic situation.

　�、嫱怀鲑e語(yǔ)，如：

　　③ The gangster was sent to prison.

　�、� Two eye witnesses have been questioned.

　�、� All good students will be rewarded.

　�、绮环奖闾岬街髡Z(yǔ)，如：

　�、� Some students are said to be often late for class.

　�、� The name of the suspect has been submitted to the police.

　�、鑴�(dòng)詞習(xí)慣以被動(dòng)式出現(xiàn)，如：

　�、� You are expected to work hard from now on.

　�、� The last train is scheduled to leave at 10p.m.

　　⑩ All loyal citizens are supposed to defend their country.

　�、佟�⑩這些被動(dòng)句中的原有主語(yǔ)通常被省略，不出現(xiàn)。