(三)利用背景知識(shí)和常識(shí)

　　充分利用背景知識(shí)，可以降低文章難度，幫助考生解題。在解答完形填空題時(shí)，考生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)應(yīng)該與已儲(chǔ)存在記憶中的有關(guān)世界的各種知識(shí)發(fā)生互動(dòng)。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁盏亩涛膬?nèi)容經(jīng)常與日常生活相關(guān)，而有的東西對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)就是常識(shí)，利用常識(shí)來(lái)幫助解題，的確可以提高解題效率。尤其是當(dāng)考生對(duì)自己的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)不太自信時(shí)，可以充分利用社會(huì)知識(shí)和科普常識(shí)來(lái)幫助判斷。

　　(四)解題要靈活。避免思維定勢(shì)

　　這里的“靈活”，不僅指前面所提到的做題順序要靈活，還指不要死板地套用一些知識(shí)，要根據(jù)題意靈活地運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)來(lái)確定答案。同時(shí)，一定要避免思維定勢(shì)，不要一看到某個(gè)詞，就理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為它應(yīng)該和哪個(gè)詞搭配在一起，要充分考慮一下其他的選項(xiàng)，這樣才能確定最終的答案。

　　其實(shí)，所謂解題技巧也是建立在扎實(shí)的基本功基礎(chǔ)上的。所以，要做好完形填空題，最重要的還是要加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的基本功練習(xí)。在專業(yè)知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，再利用一些解題技巧和策略，可以極大地幫助提高解題效率。

　　下面以真題為例進(jìn)行分析.以便考生能夠熟悉前面所講述的解題技巧。

　　Passage

　　In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words, which makes up the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words(56)which we become familiar in daily conversation,which we(57), that is to say, from the(58)of our own family and from our friends, and (59)we should know and use(60)we could not read or write. They (61)the common

　　things of life with all the people who(62)the language. Such words may be called "popular",since they belong to the people(63)and are not excluded(64)a limited class.

　　On the other hand, our language(65)a large number of words which are comparatively(66)used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little(67)to use them at home or in the market-place. Our(68)acquaintance (熟悉)with them comes not from our mother' s(69)or from the talk of our schoolmates,(70)frombooks that we read, lectures that we(71), or the more(72)conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular(73)in a style properly higher above the habitual (74)of everyday life. Such words are called "learned", and the(75)between them and the"popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of language study process.

　　56. A. at

　　B. with

　　C. by

　　D. through

　　57. A. study

　　B. imitate

　　C. stimulate

　　D. learn

　　58. A. mates

　　B. relatives

　　C. members

　　D. fellows

　　59. A. which

　　B. that

　　C. those

　　D. ones

　　60. A. even

　　B. despite

　　C. even if

　　D. in spite of

　　61. A. mind

　　B. concern

　　C. care

　　D. relate

　　62. A. hire

　　B. apply

　　C. adopt

　　D. use

　　63. A. in public

　　B. at most

　　C. at large

　　D. at best

　　64. A. in

　　B. from

　　C. with

　　D. on

　　65. A. consists

　　B. consists of

　　C. makes

　　D. composeg

　　66. A. seldom

　　B. much

　　C. greatly

　　D. often

　　67. A. possibility

　　B. way

　　C. reason

　　D. necessity

　　68. A. primary

　　B. first

　　C. principal

　　D. prior

　　69. A. tips

　　B. mouth

　　C. ears

　　D. tongue

　　70. A. besides

　　B. and

　　C. yet

　　D. but

　　71. A. hear of

　　B. attend

　　C. hear from

　　D. listen

　　72. A. former

　　B. formula

　　C. formal

　　D. forward

　　73. A. theme

　　B. topic

　　C. idea

　　D. point

　　74. A. border

　　B. link

　　C. degree

　　D. extent

　　75. A. relation

　　B. distinction

　　C. connection

　　D. similarity