Section C

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.

　　But that isn’t why the government—under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party—has agreed to legislate for standardized packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics(麻醉劑).

　　Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (懲罰性的) duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco as one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.

　　So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron’s election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his news adviser’s outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free voice before parliament is dissolved in March.

　　Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006 lament (嘆息) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket check-outs fueled obesity.

　　The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.

　　46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?

　　A) Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.

　　B) It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.

　　C) Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.

　　D) It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.

　　47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?

　　A) Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.

　　B) Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.

　　C) Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.

　　D) Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.

　　48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?

　　A) Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.

　　B) The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.

　　C) The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.

　　D) Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.

　　49. Why it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?

　　A) Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.

　　B) There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.

　　C) Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.

　　D) Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.

　　50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?

　　A) They fueled a lot of controversy.

　　B) They made more British people obese.

　　C) They attracted a lot of smokers.

　　D) They had certain ingredients missing.

　　46. [D]

　　解析：答案定位在文章第一段，其中“veteran nicotine addict”直接對(duì)應(yīng)題目中的chain smokers， 而根據(jù)that 從句內(nèi)的 “plays no role in the decision to keep smoking”就可以選出正確選項(xiàng)D：

　　“香煙的包裝對(duì)于老煙槍選擇戒煙與否而言幾乎沒有任何影響”。

　　47. [A]

　　解析：答案定位在第二段的第一句及第三段的最后一句：在第二段中，But that is not why the government - under pressure from .... party - has agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. 縱然原句意思為“這并不是政府同意針對(duì)香煙的包裝立法”;在第三段中“Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habits even by a fraction is worth trying”，在英國由于吸煙而導(dǎo)致早產(chǎn)兒大批死亡，英國政府幫這些老煙槍們改變吸煙的嗜好的任何嘗試都是值得的;因此，答案就尤為明顯了，因此補(bǔ)辦選出答案A：“英國政府就香煙包裝的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化通過了法案”。

　　48. [B]

　　解析：答案定位在第三段的第三句“this approach has led over time to a fall in smoking numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road.”這一方法使得吸煙者數(shù)量銳減，尤其是在澳大利亞而言，這一方法頗見成效。這樣選項(xiàng)B就尤其明顯了。

　　49. [A]

　　解析：答案定位在第四段“David Cameron’s election campaign........(David Cameron denied...in legislative program me)”及最后一句話中“now we are told Members of .......is dissolved in March”。在特殊符號(hào)里“括號(hào)”中，首相Cameron否認(rèn)在其顧問在外的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與法案改變之間有聯(lián)系，并在最后一句中指出將會(huì)讓國會(huì)議員投票。由此答案就尤為明顯，可以定位到A選項(xiàng)。

　　50. [C]

　　解析：答案定位在第四段的最后一句“his attitude to state intervention... checkouts fueled obesity”，答案由“checkouts fueled obesity”體現(xiàn)：“檢測出導(dǎo)致肥胖”。由此，答案選C。

　　Section C

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　What a waste of money! In return for an average of £44,000 of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from £1,000 to $9,000 in the last decade. But contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn’t even provide any guarantee of a decent job: six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.

　　No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more that elaborate com-tricks (騙術(shù)). There’s a lot for students to complain about the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduals have to start repaying their loans, and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.

　　Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn’t work out, students pay very little—if any—of their tuition fees back, you only start repaying when you are earning £21, 000 a year. Almost half of graduates—those who go on to earn less—will have a portion of their debt written off. It’s not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university, studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.

　　Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vulturous (兀鷹). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i.e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.

　　Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don’t learn anything .Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university—and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.

　　51. What is the author’s opinion of going to university?

　　A) It is worthwhile after all.

　　B) It is simply a waste of time.

　　C) It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.

　　D) It is too expensive for most young people.

　　52. What does the author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?

　　A) Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.

　　B) It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.

　　C) Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.

　　D) Most of them take jobs which don’t require a college degree.

　　53. What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?

　　A) Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.

　　B) Practical skills they will need in their future careers.

　　C) Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.

　　D) Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.

　　54. What is said to be an advantage of going to university?

　　A) Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.

　　B) Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.

　　C) Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.

　　D) Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.

　　55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　A) It is natural for students to make complaints about university education.

　　B) Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.

　　C) University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.

　　D) The prestige of the university influences employers’ recruitment decisions.

　　51. [A]

　　本題問的是作者的觀點(diǎn)。文都英語老師希望大家記住，任何時(shí)候，問誰的觀點(diǎn)就只能找誰的觀點(diǎn)，千萬不能偷換主語。像這種觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，一般在文章的結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)、或者是通過作者的用詞的字里行間來體現(xiàn)。在第三段的段尾指出，研究表明上過大學(xué)的學(xué)生們不僅在大學(xué)里面受益，而且他們通常會(huì)比沒上過大學(xué)的學(xué)生更加健康和快樂。從這句話能看出，作者對(duì)上大學(xué)還是持一種贊成的態(tài)度的。所以選A項(xiàng)。

　　52. [D]

　　本題根據(jù)題干中的專有名詞British可以回到原文定位至第一段，在第一段的文末，作者說：大學(xué)畢業(yè)不能保證一個(gè)很好的工作，60%的人從事的工作都和他們之前的專業(yè)不相關(guān)。這和D選項(xiàng)為近義表達(dá)。

　　53. [C]

　　根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位至第三段的倒數(shù)第二句話，教育是學(xué)生在講座和研討會(huì)之間的互相學(xué)習(xí)。而講座和研討會(huì)是在課堂之外的，所以這和C選項(xiàng)的含義相近。

　　54. [B]

　　關(guān)于上大學(xué)的好處，這在第四段的第四句話有提到，“學(xué)生在大學(xué)里有可能會(huì)遇到以后可能會(huì)處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位的人”，這和B選項(xiàng)的“遇見那些未來對(duì)你會(huì)有幫助的人”含義相同。

　　55. [D]

　　本題為推理題，切記推理題一定要是自己推理出來的，原文中已有的，或者是推的太遠(yuǎn)的選項(xiàng)都是不對(duì)的。在最后一段的第一句話中，作者有說“也許為什么許多大學(xué)沒有教給他們學(xué)生許多東西的原因是，他們知道即使學(xué)生什么都沒有學(xué)到，但是在一個(gè)學(xué)校里學(xué)習(xí)，就是對(duì)未來的一個(gè)美好的投資”。這句話的表達(dá)和D項(xiàng)含義相近。