Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Passage One?

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:?

　　There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. They are the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.?

　　In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. Transactions may take place through barter or money exchange. In a barter economy,real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.?

　　An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue laws or commands as to how much each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amount of each commodity produced by the various firms and distributed to different households for consumption.?

　　In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. Each person′s place with the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have cet6w.com for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health,and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve.?

　　21. What is the main purpose of the passage??

　　A) To explain the science of economics.?

　　B) To outline types of economic systems.?

　　C) To argue for the superiority of one economic system.?

　　D) To compare barter and money?exchange markets.?

　　22. In the second paragraph, by which of the following could the word "real" best be replaced??

　　A) High quality.?B) Concrete.?C) Utter.?D) Essential.?

　　23. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to ?

　　A) rapid speed of transactions?

　　B) misunderstandings?

　　C) inflation?

　　D) difficulties for the traders?

　　24. According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control on an administered system??

　　A) Individual households.?

　　B) Small businesses.?

　　C) Major companies.?

　　D) The government.?

　　25. Which of the following statements is true??

　　A) The central plan drawn up by the government is mainly based on the needs of the state as a whole.?

　　B) The economic system in China is based on the traditional system.?

　　C) In a market system, transactions are controlled by the government.?

　　D) In a traditional society, economy develops very fast.?

　　21. 文章第一段點明了三種不同類型的經(jīng)濟體系。接下來分別介紹了這三種體系。由此可見，B)為正確答案。?

　　22. 第二段第二句說明了物物交換的經(jīng)濟形式(barter economy)。可見，real一詞在此指的是“實體的，具體的”。選項B)為正確答案。另三詞的含義分別為“高質(zhì)量”;“完全的，全然的”;“重要的”均不符合文章內(nèi)容。

　　23. 答案在第二段第四句：顯然要找到想用舊車來交換帆船的人不是件容易的事。所以，物物交換會給商人帶來麻煩。D)正確。

　　24. 由第三段可知，在管理經(jīng)濟模式下，政府通過主導(dǎo)中央計劃來管理控制一切的業(yè)務(wù)。由此推知，在管理經(jīng)濟體制中，政府具有最大限度的控制權(quán)。D)正確。

　　25. 由第三段最后一句可知，政府擬定的中央計劃顯示了由不同公司生產(chǎn)的商品的數(shù)量，并根據(jù)數(shù)量把商品分送到不同的家庭消費。所以，中央計劃是根據(jù)整個國家的需求來擬定的。選項A)正確。選項B)與D)文章未提及。選項C)與內(nèi)容不符。