1.語境

所謂語境就是我們常說的上下文。廣義的語境指所有的上下文，段與段之間，句子與句子之間，句子與段之間的語義關(guān)系。一切語義的理解都離不開上下文。狹義的語境是指句子內(nèi)部的詞語在語義上的聯(lián)系，我們根據(jù)這些聯(lián)系和選項(xiàng)的辨析選出正確的答案，這種語境出題原則應(yīng)與詞匯水平中的辨析結(jié)合起來。 例

Until recently, most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 1 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man.?

A?admitted B?believed

C?claimed D?predicted

[注釋] A?

前一句為主題句，定下了文章的基調(diào)，直到不久前，大多數(shù)歷史學(xué)家對工業(yè)革命都持嚴(yán)厲批評的態(tài)度，由于第二句中that從句的內(nèi)容與他們的觀點(diǎn)正好矛盾，講的是工業(yè)革命帶給人們的好處，所以believe(相信)與claim(聲稱)都不能選，predict(預(yù)測)也不對，因?yàn)橐咽羌瘸墒聦?shí)，而admit表示對客觀事實(shí)的承認(rèn)，用在這里正好符合文意。

2.句間的邏輯關(guān)系

在完形填空中，句間的邏輯關(guān)系主要包接：并列關(guān)系(連接詞有and, while等)；轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(連接詞有but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless等)；順序關(guān)系(連接詞有before, after, and, first, second, then, next, finally等)；解釋關(guān)系(連接詞有that is to say, in other words等)；因果關(guān)系(連接詞有so, therefore, thus/because, for, since, as等)；讓步關(guān)系(連接詞有though, although, despite, in spite of等)；條件關(guān)系，(連接詞有if, unless, once, provided that, in case(of)等)。

例1

1 its economy continues to recover , the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary cookers.

A?Even though　　B?Now that

C?If only 　　　　D?Provided that?

[注釋] A

“經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮與工作臨時(shí)化”之間不存在因果或條件關(guān)系，所以now that(既然)，if only(只要……就……)，provided that(如果……就……)不符合題意，正確答案應(yīng)為 A even though表讓步。

例2

He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.

A?only if B?much as

C?long before D?ever since

[注釋] A?

原句意思為“只有在也能生產(chǎn)出多余糧食的時(shí)候，他才能養(yǎng)活自己和家人”，此處需填的是一個(gè)表示條件的連詞，只有(A)only if符合題意。