It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (學術(shù)界) outweigh any financial considerations.

　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.

　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制藥的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.

　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (轉(zhuǎn)換) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

　　注意： 此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

　　57. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

　　[A] university researchers know little about the commercial world

　　[B] there is little exchange between industry and academia

　　[C] few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

　　[D] few university professors are willing to do industrial research

　　58. The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.

　　[A] keeps someone from taking action [C] attracts people’s attention

　　[B] helps to move the traffic [D] brings someone a financial burden

　　59. What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

　　[A] Flexible work hours. [C] Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

　　[B] Her research interests. [D] Prospects of academic accomplishments.

　　60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

　　[A] do financially more rewarding work

　　[B] raise his status in the academic world

　　[C] enrich his experience in medical research

　　[D] exploit better intellectual opportunities

　　61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

　　[A] Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market

　　[B] Develop its students’ potential in research.

　　[C] Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

　　[D] Gear its research towards practical applications.

　　57-61 CABDA

　　57.C 問單行道的意思是什么。文章第一段就說“It is pretty much a one-way street.While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction.”高校研究者到商界去碰運氣可能很常見，但是相反的方向卻人很少。也就是說很少有商界的人愿意回歸學校做純學術(shù)研究。所以選C，很少有工業(yè)科學家愿意放棄去一個高校工作。industrial scientists在文中指的就是商界人士。

　　58.A 問deterrent這個詞的意思。這題有一定迷惑性，要根據(jù)上下文來判斷。上文說的是很少有商界的人愿意回高校的。原因就在于薪酬(pay), 后面接著具體解釋：沒人能接受換個高校的工作后工資下降。所以deterrent這個詞是表明原因的，要么是A選項阻礙因素，要么是C選項促進因素。而從上下文看薪酬是阻礙商界人士去高校工作的，也就是阻礙因素，所以選A。

　　另外，如果知道deterrent這個詞的意思話可以迅速作答：威懾因素。

　　59.B 問Helen Lee在職業(yè)生涯中期換工作的首要考慮是什么。第二段是這么說的：Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions。利用更大的自由來選擇研究的問題。也就是說之前不在academia的時候，沒有那么多的選擇空間：什么賺錢做什么，現(xiàn)在可以自己根據(jù)自己的喜好來choose了。所以選B。

　　60.D 問Guy Grant問什么選擇做劍橋研究者。第三段的最后一句話是這么說的： He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.所以這題選D。

　　61.A 問當工業(yè)科學家去高校教書時能做什么樣的貢獻。答案在最后一段：They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate。他們給學術(shù)角色的教書面帶來了一些額外的東西，這些東西在學生畢業(yè)時可以幫助他們找工作。所以選A：提高畢業(yè)生在就業(yè)市場上的競爭力。