2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解訓(xùn)練:女性就業(yè)
①Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome’s main avenues. ②Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.
、賁houting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.” ②So far, action to improve women’s opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining. ③“But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,” says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.
、賅omen, who constitute 52 per cent of Italy’s population, today represent only 35 per cent of Italy’s total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. ②However, their presence in the workplace is growing. ③The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. ④Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. ⑤More and more women are going into business for themselves. ⑥Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment. ⑦It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.
、賁uch changes are occurring in the professions too. ②The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. ③Some of the changes are immediately visible. ④For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaners.
①However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. ②A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.
一、詞匯
1.avenue n. 林蔭道,大街 2.chief n. 首領(lǐng)
3.parading a. 游行的 4.procession n. 隊伍,行列
5.slogan n. 標語,口號 6.demonstrate v. 示威
7.province n.(單數(shù),正式)知識(或興趣、職責(zé))范圍,領(lǐng)域
8.bargaining n. 議價,交易 9.go into business從商、經(jīng)商
10.bre1akthrough n. 突破
二、長難句
1. Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.
該句主干為“be said+不定式完成式”的結(jié)構(gòu):Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been puzzled to see…,不定式的核心結(jié)構(gòu)be puzzled to see sth,第一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句做see的賓語,該從句中又嵌套了一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語,修飾名詞procession。
翻譯:據(jù)說,當(dāng)看到這個由200,000名婦女組成的游行隊伍跟在這拖拉機后面竟用了三個多小時才蛇行穿過羅馬市中心時,意大利的政治領(lǐng)袖們和該國一些男性聯(lián)盟主席感到更困惑。
2. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace.
該句的主干The employment of women is expanding,介詞短語in services做狀語,表示“在服務(wù)行業(yè)”。形容詞短語next to …做后置定語,修飾名詞services,相當(dāng)于一個定語從句which is next to … as their principal workplace,意為“作為她們(女性)的主要工作領(lǐng)域僅次于……”。
翻譯:服務(wù)行業(yè)的女性員工的人數(shù)正大幅攀升,僅低于公共管理和商業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)女性員工的數(shù)目。
3. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.
該句的主干為It is also a fact that …,其中it為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的主語從句為真正的主語。該主語從句是個主從復(fù)合句,其中so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。該狀語從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為banks and other financial institutes make judgments,介詞短語without caring …做狀語。If引導(dǎo)的從句做caring的邏輯賓語。
翻譯:事實上,現(xiàn)今許多針對女性的歧視也消失了,銀行和其他的金融機構(gòu)的判斷完全是基于商業(yè)目的而不關(guān)心其員工的性別。
三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析
本文主要介紹了意大利女性就業(yè)狀況的變化。文章主要采用了列數(shù)字,舉例子等論證方法。
第一、二段:通過對示威游行畫面的描述引出文章論述的話題:意大利的女性正在爭取更多的工作機會以及工作性質(zhì)的改變。
第三、四段:通過數(shù)據(jù)指出雖然女性在工作機會上雖仍處于劣勢,但狀況卻在不斷的改善,
第五段:總結(jié)全文,強調(diào)女性的就業(yè)狀況仍不盡人意,需要改革突破。
四、試題具體分析
14. The expression “snake through central Rome” probably means “to move ________.14. “snake through central Rome”表達的含義可能是________。
[A] quietly through central Rome.”[A] 安靜地穿過羅馬市中心
[B] violently through central Rome.”[B] 狂怒地穿過羅馬市中心
[C] in a long winding line through central Rome.”[C] 以漫長而曲折的路線穿過羅馬市中心
[D] at a leisurely pace through central Rome.”[D] 閑庭信步般穿過羅馬市中心
[分析]本題考查的知識點是:根據(jù)上下文推測詞義。
動詞snake的意思是由其名詞釋義 “蛇”的生理特性演變而來,意為to move like a snake, in a long twisting curves,即“曲折前行,蛇行”。[C]選項中的in a long winding line 對應(yīng) in a long twisting curves,故正確。
[A]、[D]選項分別錯在quietly和at a leisurely pace。由第二段第一句可知,這20萬人的游行隊伍是喊著口號、揮動著旗子還踏著鼓點穿過羅馬市中心的,因此不可能是“安靜的”或“閑庭信步的”。文中并未指出游行隊伍同任何機構(gòu)或團體產(chǎn)生沖突,因此談不上是violently,故排除[B]選項。
15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?15. 下列哪一項說法是不正確的?
[A] There are more women than men in Italy.[A] 在意大利女性人數(shù)要多于男性。
[B] In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.[B] 在意大利,女性主要從事服務(wù)行業(yè)。
[C] In Italy, women are still at a disadvantage in employment.[C] 在意大利,女性在就業(yè)方面仍處于劣勢。
[D] In Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.[D] 在意大利,大約三分之二的工作被男性把持著。
[分析] 本題考查的知識點是:事實細節(jié)。
文章第三段③句指出,服務(wù)行業(yè)的女性員工的人數(shù)正大幅攀升,僅低于公共管理和商業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)女性員工數(shù)目。可知,在意大利,女性員工數(shù)目最多的三個領(lǐng)域分別是公共管理、商業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè),即服務(wù)行業(yè)的女性員工的數(shù)目排在第三位。故[B]選項錯誤。
文章第三段①句指出,在意大利,女性人口占全國總?cè)丝诘?2%但卻只占意大利工人總數(shù)的35%?芍,在意大利女性確實要比男性多但全國三分之二的工作被男性把持著。第五段①句指出,雖然女性就業(yè)情況得到了改善但狀況還遠不盡人意,即,在意大利女性在就業(yè)方面仍處于劣勢。故[A]、[C]、[D]都是正確的。
16. About 200,000 women in Rome demonstrated for ________.16.約200,000名在羅馬示威爭取________。
[A] more job opportunities[A] 更多的工作機會
[B] a greater variety of jobs[B] 更多類型的工作
[C] “equal job, equal pay”[C]“同工同酬”
[D] both A and B[D] [A]和[B]選項的內(nèi)容
[分析] 本題考查的知識點是:具體細節(jié)。
文章第二段①句指出了20萬女性從全國各地聚集到意大利首都,他們示威的口號是“人人有工作,工作多樣化,以及社會無暴力!奔此齻儬幦〉氖歉嗟墓ぷ鳈C會、更多類型的工作以及一個沒有暴力的社會。[D]選項是對示威口號前兩句的概括,故正確。
[A]、[B]選項都只概括了示威口號的一部分。[C]選項無中生有,“同工同酬”并非是這次示威的口號。
17. The best title for this passage would be ________.17. 本文最好的標題是______。
[A] The Role of Women in Society[A] 女性在社會中的作用
[B] Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment[B] 女性爭取就業(yè)平等
[C] Women as Self-employed Professionals[C] 作為自由職業(yè)者的女性們
[D] Women and the Jobs Market[D] 女性與工作市場
[分析]本題考查的知識點是:文章主旨。
文章前兩段指出了意大利20萬女性的示威游行活動,目的是要爭取更多的工作機會、工作性質(zhì)的改變以及一個沒有暴力的社會。第三、四段通過數(shù)據(jù)指出了雖然女性在工作機會上處于劣勢,但狀況卻在不斷的改善。第五段總結(jié)全文,指出女性的就業(yè)狀況雖有所改善,但結(jié)果卻不盡人意,仍需要改革突破?梢姡闹饕菄@意大利女性爭取就業(yè)平等而展開的,故[B]選項正確。
[A]選項無中生有。文章只涉及了意大利女性就業(yè)情況的變化并未涉及其在社會中的作用。[C]是根據(jù)原文詞匯self-employment和professions編造的干擾項。[D]選項無中生有。文章并未談及工作市場,故可排除。
五、全文翻譯
當(dāng)看到一個女人駕著一輛橙色的巨型拖拉機沿著羅馬的一條主街行駛時,游客們都感到很詫異。據(jù)說,當(dāng)看到這個由200,000名婦女組成的游行隊伍跟在這拖拉機后面竟用了三個多小時才蛇行穿過羅馬市中心時,意大利的政治領(lǐng)袖們和該國一些男性聯(lián)盟主席感到更困惑。
這些喊著口號,揮動著旗子還踏著鼓點前行的女性是從意大利各地聚集到首都的,她們游行示威以爭取“人人有工作,工作多樣化,以及社會無暴力!钡侥壳盀橹,提高婦女的就業(yè)機會已成為企業(yè)勞資談判的話題。一位在政府資助的“勞工專業(yè)培訓(xùn)發(fā)展機構(gòu)”中女性勞工部門工作的研究人員表示“光是認識上的不斷提高還是不夠的!
如今,女性人口占了意大利人口總數(shù)的52%,卻只占全國工人總數(shù)的35%,占意大利就業(yè)總?cè)藬?shù)的33%。但是,女性員工的人數(shù)卻不斷上升。服務(wù)行業(yè)的女性員工的人數(shù)正大幅攀升,僅低于公共管理和商業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)女性員工的數(shù)目。官方數(shù)據(jù)也表明了自主經(jīng)營的女性人數(shù)也有了大幅的上升。越來越多的女性正在開創(chuàng)自己的事業(yè)。許多年輕的女性開始進入工商企業(yè),因為這個領(lǐng)域雇傭人數(shù)越來越多。事實上,現(xiàn)今許多針對女性的歧視也消失了,銀行和其他的金融機構(gòu)的判斷完全是基于商業(yè)目的而不關(guān)心其員工的性別。
這種變化也正發(fā)生在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域里。女醫(yī)生、女牙醫(yī)、女律師、女工程師和女教授的數(shù)量增加了兩到三倍。一些變化是立竿見影的。例如,女性第一次出現(xiàn)在了國家警察、鐵路工人和街道清潔人員的行列之中。
然而,女性的就業(yè)狀況雖有所改善但還遠不盡人意。如今仍需要在女性就業(yè)機會平等方面取得突破性的進展。