2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練：汽車(chē)

　　①The use of the motor is becoming more and more widespread in the twentieth century; as an increasing number of countries develop both technically and economically, so a larger proportion of the world’s population is able to buy and use a car. ②Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. ③The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. ④He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted to a choice within a small radius. ⑤Travelling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport; the driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in the summer to suit his own needs and preference. ⑥There is no irritation caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes. ⑦With the building of good, fast motorways long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. ⑧For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighbourhood. ⑨This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.

　�、賅hen considering the drawbacks, perhaps pollution is of prime importance. ②As more and more cars are produced and used, so the emission from their exhaust-pipes contains an ever larger volume of poisonous gas. ③Some of the contents of this gas, such as lead, not only pollute the atmosphere but cause actual harm to the health of people. ④Many of the minor illnesses of modern industrial society, headaches, tiredness, and stomach upsets are thought to arise from breathing polluted air; doctors’ surgeries are full of people suffering from illnesses caused by pollution. ⑤It is also becoming increasingly difficult to deal with the problem of traffic in towns; most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic congestion. ⑥In fact any advantage gained in comfort is often cancelled out in city driving by the frustration caused by traffic jams: endless queues of cars crawling one after another through all the main streets. ⑦As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised, the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which cause even greater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent. ⑧The mounting cost of petrol and the increased license fees and road tax all add to the driver’s worries. ⑨In fact, he must sometimes wonder if the motor car is such a blessing and not just a menace.

　　一、詞匯

　　1.Mobility n. 可動(dòng)性,變動(dòng)性

　　2.Radius n. 半徑

　　3.Preference n. 偏愛(ài)

　　4.irritation n. 煩惱

　　5.queue n. 長(zhǎng)隊(duì)

　　6.cover v. 行走(距離)

　　7.confine v. 限制

　　8.prime a. 首要的,最好的

　　9.bewildered a. 困惑的

　　10.divert v. 轉(zhuǎn)移

　　11.blessing n. 祝福

　　12.menace n. 威脅

　　二、長(zhǎng)難句

　　As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised, the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which cause even greater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent.

　　該句為主從復(fù)合句。句首為as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主干為the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced …，其中包含“find oneself +過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)自己(處于某狀態(tài))”。Which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞one-way systems。

　　翻譯：當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的交通管理方案出臺(tái)時(shí)，暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向的司機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)可憐的自己被迫轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)了一條單行道，這樣耽誤的時(shí)間超過(guò)了他們所避免的交通擁堵時(shí)間。

　　三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

　　文章主要探討了汽車(chē)廣泛使用的利弊問(wèn)題。

　　第一段：指出了汽車(chē)廣泛使用的原因并論述汽車(chē)給人類(lèi)帶來(lái)的好處：靈活、舒適、快捷、自主。

　　第二段：主要論述了由于汽車(chē)的廣泛使用給人類(lèi)帶來(lái)的困擾：大氣污染、健康威脅、交通堵塞、費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)。

　　四、試題具體分析

　　14. More and more people can afford to buy and use cars because ________.14. 越來(lái)越多的人能夠購(gòu)買(mǎi)并使用汽車(chē)是因?yàn)開(kāi)_______。

　　[A] an increasing number of cars are being produced[A] 生產(chǎn)的汽車(chē)越來(lái)越多

　　[B] the cost of cars is getting cheaper with the development of technology[B] 隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，汽車(chē)的成本也越來(lái)越低了

　　[C] lots of countries have become more developed[C] 許多國(guó)家都步入了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之列

　　[D] the use of cars has proved to be more economical[D] 已經(jīng)證實(shí)使用汽車(chē)是較經(jīng)濟(jì)的

　　[分析]本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：因果細(xì)節(jié)。

　　文章第一段①句指出，因?yàn)樵絹?lái)越多的國(guó)家在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域都取得了進(jìn)步，所以世界上大部分人都能購(gòu)買(mǎi)并使用汽車(chē)了。[C]選項(xiàng)正是對(duì)此句話的概括，故正確。

　　[A]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴。將“汽車(chē)的尾氣管里排出了更多含有有毒物質(zhì)的廢氣的原因，即人們生產(chǎn)的汽車(chē)越來(lái)越多了”，當(dāng)成是“越來(lái)越來(lái)人購(gòu)買(mǎi)并使用汽車(chē)的原因”。[B]選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，是利用原文詞匯develop technically和the cost 編造的干擾項(xiàng)。第二段⑧句指出，飆升的油價(jià)和日益上漲的駕駛執(zhí)照費(fèi)和養(yǎng)路費(fèi)使駕車(chē)人變得更加憂心忡忡�？梢�(jiàn)，使用汽車(chē)并不會(huì)為其所有者節(jié)省錢(qián)，故排除[D]選項(xiàng)。

　　15. The advantages of having a car are best experienced in the driver’s ________.15. 擁有汽車(chē)最大的好處是駕車(chē)人能夠體驗(yàn)________。

　　[A] freedom in choosing his job[A] 選擇工作的自由

　　[B] comfort during the travels[B] 旅行中舒適的感覺(jué)

　　[C] enjoyment of his leisure time[C] 閑暇時(shí)光的享受

　　[D] feeling of self-reliance[D] 自立的感覺(jué)

　　[分析]本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)。

　　第一段末句明確指出，自主的感覺(jué)以及去任何想去的地方的那種自由或許是汽車(chē)最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)了，故[D]選項(xiàng)正確。

　　[A]、[B]、[C]選項(xiàng)都是文中談到的擁有汽車(chē)的好處，但并非最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故排除。

　　16. What is considered by the writer as the greatest menace to the people caused by the widespread use of motor cars?16. 作者認(rèn)為汽車(chē)的廣泛使用對(duì)人們?cè)斐傻淖畲笸�脅是什么?

　　[A] air pollution[A]空氣污染

　　[B] traffic jams[B]交通堵塞

　　[C] fatal diseases[C]致命疾病

　　[D] high cost[D]高額成本

　　[分析]本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)。

　　文章第二段①句即明確指出，對(duì)于汽車(chē)使用的最大弊端可能就是汽車(chē)造成的污染問(wèn)題。故[A]選項(xiàng)正確。

　　[B]、[D]選項(xiàng)雖然都是汽車(chē)使用對(duì)人們生活和健康的威脅，但并不是最大的威脅，故排除。[C]選項(xiàng)本身即錯(cuò)誤。第二段第四句指出，現(xiàn)代工業(yè)社會(huì)中許多小病都是由于吸入被汽車(chē)尾氣污染了的空氣而引起的。可知，汽車(chē)的使用并不會(huì)引發(fā)致命的疾病。

　　五、全文翻譯

　　二十世紀(jì)，汽車(chē)的用途變得越來(lái)越廣泛了，因?yàn)樵絹?lái)越多的國(guó)家在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域都取得了進(jìn)步，所以世界上大部分人都能購(gòu)買(mǎi)并使用汽車(chē)了。擁有一輛汽車(chē)就相當(dāng)于具有更大的靈活性，開(kāi)車(chē)的人可以自由活動(dòng)。有汽車(chē)的人不必再依靠公共交通工具，因此也不必在工作所在地居住了。他可以選擇不同的工作，也可能更頻繁地跳槽，他不必在離家很近的范圍內(nèi)選擇工作了。同乘坐公共汽車(chē)相比，開(kāi)車(chē)上班也更加舒適些，人們可以按自己的需要和喜好隨著季節(jié)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)車(chē)內(nèi)供暖和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。有時(shí)人們要花半個(gè)小時(shí)站在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)伍里或坐在當(dāng)風(fēng)的站臺(tái)內(nèi)等火車(chē)、公交或地鐵，由這種情況導(dǎo)致的惱怒也會(huì)隨著汽車(chē)的使用而消失。隨著寬敞快捷的高速公路的修建，長(zhǎng)途旅行變得快捷且愉快了。許多人能夠在周末的時(shí)候開(kāi)車(chē)去鄉(xiāng)村或海邊，好好地享受他們的閑暇時(shí)光，而不用限制在住家附近的地方活動(dòng)，這在本世紀(jì)也屬首次了。自主的感覺(jué)以及去任何想去的地方的那種自由或許是汽車(chē)最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)了。

　　考慮到不好的方面，汽車(chē)造成的污染或許是其最大的缺點(diǎn)。因?yàn)槿藗兩�產(chǎn)和使用的汽車(chē)越來(lái)越多，所以汽車(chē)的尾氣管里會(huì)排出更多含有有毒物質(zhì)的廢氣。這種氣體中一些成分的，例如鉛，不僅污染了大氣還對(duì)人們健康造成了實(shí)際傷害。人們認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)社會(huì)中許多小病，例如，頭痛、疲勞以及胃不適，都是由于吸入污濁的空氣而引起的，醫(yī)生的診室里面充滿了受其累的病患。處理城市里交通問(wèn)題也變得越來(lái)越棘手了，世界上大多數(shù)重要城市都飽受交通堵塞之苦。事實(shí)上，在城市中駕車(chē)而行，從這種舒適中獲取的任何好處都被由交通堵塞造成的沮喪感給抵消了：一眼望不到邊際的汽車(chē)長(zhǎng)龍，一輛跟著一輛慢慢爬過(guò)每一條主街道。當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的交通管理方案出臺(tái)時(shí)，暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向的司機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)可憐的自己被迫轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)了一條單行道，這樣耽誤的時(shí)間超過(guò)了他們所避免的交通擁堵時(shí)間。飆升的油價(jià)和日益上漲的駕駛執(zhí)照費(fèi)和養(yǎng)路費(fèi)使駕車(chē)人變得更憂心忡忡。事實(shí)上，他肯定有時(shí)候會(huì)想弄清楚汽車(chē)真的只會(huì)帶來(lái)幸福而不會(huì)對(duì)我們?cè)斐赏�脅么。