2018年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解試題：選詞填空專項(xiàng)（十）

　　第二十二篇

　　What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel _ 1 _ about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We're 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情結(jié)) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(經(jīng)濟(jì)作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.

　　The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.

　　Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 .

　　But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.

　　The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It's no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束縛). It's what we eatand how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.

　　A.answer

　　B.result

　　C.share

　　D.guilty

　　E.constant

　　F.defined

　　G.vanish

　　H.adapted

　　I.creative

　　J.belief

　　K.suspicious

　　L.certainty

　　M.obsessed

　　N.identify

　　O.ideals

　　答案詳解：

　　1.D feel是一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，可以判斷此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞，通過上下文意思，以及后面介詞about, 可以確定選項(xiàng)為D項(xiàng)guilty, 短語feel guilty about sth. "對……感到有愧"。全句的意思為"我們很愛吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有負(fù)罪感"。

　　2.M be obsessed with 為固定搭配，原意為"被……附上/纏住/迷住心竅"，放在本句表示"十分重視"。全句的意思為"我們很關(guān)心健康和減肥，但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延"。

　　3.A 本句缺一個(gè)名詞作主語，并且根據(jù)和介詞to的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項(xiàng)answer.

　　4.I 本句根據(jù)more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個(gè)形容詞構(gòu)成比較級，根據(jù)上下文，表示"旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，卻激發(fā)了更多新奇的方法來酗酒"，可以確定I為正確選項(xiàng)。

　　5.F 本題較難。根據(jù)be 和by 確定應(yīng)填入一個(gè)過去分詞。再根據(jù)上下文，上文表示"應(yīng)該吃典型的美國人吃的食物"，下文通過 but 轉(zhuǎn)折，表示實(shí)際上"美國的食物已經(jīng)被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來品所詮釋了"，因此可以確定F為正確選項(xiàng)。

　　6.B 政治結(jié)果，可根據(jù)宗教原因religious reasons來推斷此處填政治結(jié)果。

　　7.L 由于橫線后面沒有賓語，可以確定不是形成bring的短語，這樣本句所缺的為一名詞，做bring的賓語。根據(jù)下文解釋，"美國人對他們所吃的食物的態(tài)度是矛盾的"，可以推出本句意義為"堅(jiān)定的觀點(diǎn)也不是確定不變的"。因此可以確定L為正確選項(xiàng)。

　　8.K 系動(dòng)詞become后應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞，和后面介詞of形成短語be/become suspicious of "對……感到懷疑"。

　　9.J 本句缺一個(gè)名詞作主語，并且根據(jù)和介詞in的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項(xiàng)belief，(have)belief in sth." 相信……"。

　　10.C 本句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，缺一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，且和with 搭配，確定選項(xiàng)為share, share sth. with sb., "與某人分享某事"。

　　第二十三篇

　　After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人數(shù)) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar __1__ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.

　　Injuries and deaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city's highway. In addition, __3__ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways, making them more __4__ to quakes.

　　In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet __5__ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to __6__ the impact of ground vibrations. The most __7__ designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake's vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would __8__ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.

　　The new smart structures could be very __10__ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

　　[A]changes

　　[B]flexible

　　[C]decrease

　　[D]recent

　　[E]push

　　[F]reduce

　　[G]relatively

　　[H]safety

　　[I]resistant

　　[J]expensive

　　[K]force

　　[L]accordingly

　　[M]intensity

　　[N]security

　　[O]opposed

　　答案解析：

　　1.選M)。此處應(yīng)填名詞，作介詞of的賓語，作為后置定語修飾earthquake，說明該名詞是"地震"的自然屬性。選項(xiàng)中的名詞有changes，safety，intensity和security，只有intensity可以表示地震的強(qiáng)度，故選M)。

　　2.選G)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，用來修飾形容詞less。選項(xiàng)中的副詞有relatively"相對的"和accordingly"相應(yīng)的"，第一段說這 次地震和1998年的那次地震程度一樣，但造成的損失卻小很多，再從后句中"高速路上的車輛不是很多"可以推斷：這次的地震造成的"死傷人數(shù)"與1998 年比少很多，即少是相對的，故選G)relatively。

　　3.選A)。空格中要填的詞是本句話中的主語，應(yīng)為名詞。這句話的主干是have strengthened the city's buildings and highways,從第三段的內(nèi)容和注釋3的解析可知：建筑結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了變化，故應(yīng)選擇A)changes。

　　4.選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，和其前面的more構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級，描述新型建筑與地震有關(guān)的性能。them = the city's buildings and highways, have strengthened "被加固"說明他們更有抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力了。選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)形容詞只有resistant符合這個(gè)意思，故選I)。

　　5.選B)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名詞materials。從后面的...bent without breaking "即使彎曲也不會折斷"，說明是有韌性的材料。選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)形容詞只有flexible表示"柔韌的，可變形的"，故B)正確。

　　6.選F)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。根據(jù)上下文insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation"在建筑物和地基之間填充橡膠和鋼材"是為了減少the impact of ground vibrations"地面震動(dòng)對建筑物的影響"。選項(xiàng)中decrease和reduce都可以表示"減少"的意思，前者指穩(wěn)定的逐步地減少，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)在 大小、程度或強(qiáng)度方面下降或減少。故F)reduce更符合題意。

　　7.選D)。根據(jù)注釋3，可以推知，這里要填的詞是和前面的In the past, Laer相對應(yīng)的，選項(xiàng)中的形容詞中只有recent可表示時(shí)間，the most recent desighs"最近的設(shè)計(jì)"，在原文中可以對應(yīng)"過去，后來"，故D)為正確答案。

　　8.選K)。前面提到了智能建筑，這里說明當(dāng)?shù)卣鹗惯@樣的建筑向前倒的時(shí)候，電腦會怎樣它，使它相反方向移動(dòng)。在動(dòng)詞push和force之間懸著。push強(qiáng)調(diào)的是外加的力量，而這里的拖力者是與智能建筑一體的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，故這里force符合文意。

　　9.選N)。此后應(yīng)填名詞，做動(dòng)詞offer的賓語。本句前面一直在描述新型建筑采取的抗震措施，本句是這些措施的結(jié)果�？拐鹦徒ㄖ�為城市提供的應(yīng)該 是更多的安全保障，選項(xiàng)中表示"安全"的詞有safety和security，前者是處于安全狀態(tài)，不受傷害，沒有危險(xiǎn)，多用于人身，貨物。后者常指國家 社會的免遭戰(zhàn)爭，災(zāi)難而安然無恙，故N)security更符合文意。

　　10.選J)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。從后面的However后的一句說明智能建筑的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而得知，However前所說的是智能建筑的缺點(diǎn)。既然智能建筑很聰明，又是新事物，那么建造起來肯定會耗費(fèi)很多資金的，所以選J)expensive。