2018年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解試題：選詞填空專項(xiàng)（五）

　　第九篇

　　Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?

　　Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.

　　Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.

　　[A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly [F]professional [G]character

　　[H]individuality [I]inspire [J]differently [K]expect [L]practical [M]recall [N]lose[O]ordinary

　　參考答案及解析:

　　1.選B 從文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他們又無比熱愛和崇尚制服”，說明了制服在美國很受歡迎。因此選項(xiàng)B)popular符合原文意思。選項(xiàng)中的professional“職業(yè)的”、practical“實(shí)用的”和ordinary“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。

　　2.選F 此處應(yīng)填形容詞。從more...than civilian clothes可知，此處要填的形容詞意思與civilian相對，說明制服的特點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)中的形容詞中只有professional“職業(yè)的”和civilian相對的，故F)正確。而pratical“實(shí)用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian對應(yīng)，故排除。

　　3.選K 由be conditioned to do sth.“習(xí)慣于”可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。從前面的look more“看起來更...”和后面的tend to“傾向于”可知，這段要說明的是人們的主觀印象，應(yīng)填入表示“期望(得到)”的單詞，只有K)expect符合原文語氣。選項(xiàng)中g(shù)et“得到”與上下文的語氣不符合。

　　4.選I 此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。從原文中“人們習(xí)慣...從穿制服的人那兒得到優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)�！笨芍�，人們更信任穿制服的人，即制服能使人產(chǎn)生信任感。選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞原形中只有inspire“使產(chǎn)生”符合文章。

　　5.選A 此處應(yīng)填名詞。前面兩句表達(dá)了人們對穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么對于garage mechanic“汽車修理工”來說，人們信任的是它的技術(shù)，而不是人品，故選項(xiàng)中只有A)skill符合原文意思。

　　6.選N 此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞。...step out of uniform“脫掉制服”是對護(hù)士、警察等來說是......職業(yè)身份的很簡單的方式。脫下制服就是失去了職業(yè)身份，由此可以推知此處應(yīng)填N)lose。

　　7.選L 此處應(yīng)填形容詞，說明制服的其他有點(diǎn)。從下文“...節(jié)省購買其他衣服的開銷，節(jié)省洗衣費(fèi)用，比便服更舒適也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感還有實(shí)際的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)中的pratical“實(shí)用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明顯L)pratical符合原文意思。

　　8.選H 此處應(yīng)填名詞。文章手段就說“美國人為自己的多元化和個(gè)性化感到高傲無比，然而他們又無比熱愛和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他們失去自己的個(gè)性的意思，那么聯(lián)系第一段，此處指出的制服的缺點(diǎn)即為失去個(gè)性，故選項(xiàng)H)individuality正確。individuality強(qiáng)調(diào)與他人特點(diǎn)的區(qū)別，而character指的是個(gè)人特定的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)。

　　9.選D 此處應(yīng)填名詞。前面說制服讓人失去了個(gè)性，雖然有很多種制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是沒有變化的，故此處應(yīng)填change，故D)正確。

　　10.選E 此處應(yīng)填副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞act。前面指出...look alike,they tend to...，說明此處填的詞和alike意思相近。選項(xiàng)種副詞有similarly和differently，很明顯，E)similarly與alike意思相近，故選E)。

　　第十篇

　　The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile. Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consisting

　　參考答案及解析:

　　1. 選J)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名次societies。文章第一句就說The typical pre-industrial family...“工業(yè)化之前的典型家庭模式......”， 即“extended" family存在于工業(yè)化之前的社會(huì)，即agricultural society。故J)正確。選項(xiàng)中的primary”最初的，原始的“不符合原文意思。

　　2. 選A)。由be hard to do sth.可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。They are immobile“這樣的家庭很難流動(dòng)”，這說明這樣的家庭are hard to...，選項(xiàng)中由transplant和transport兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形，前者指的是“遷居，遷移”，后者指的是運(yùn)輸，不難推斷前者符合原文意思，故A)transplant正確。3. 選C)。因?yàn)檫@句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，固此處應(yīng)填副詞。選項(xiàng)中的副詞有g(shù)radually和continually,原文中...and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged.所謂的“核心家庭”便出現(xiàn)了“，emerge的意思是“浮現(xiàn)" ，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過一個(gè)過程后出現(xiàn)的。由此可以判斷，這句話壞死說明核心家庭從無到有逐漸出現(xiàn)，而不是連續(xù)不斷地出現(xiàn)，故選擇C)gradually>

　　4. 選O)。該句可拆分理解，即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children "一個(gè)家庭單元......父母和不多的孩子“，由此可以推出這里要填的詞是表示”包含，由......組成“的。選項(xiàng)中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of為固定刺諸，故O)為正確答案。

　　5. 選H)。從原文中的more...than可知，此處應(yīng)填形容詞，構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比舊的因該是更有流動(dòng)性，故應(yīng)選H)mobile，說明新型的家庭模式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

　　6. 選M)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞，作這句話的謂語。Super-industrialism“(更發(fā)達(dá)的)超級工業(yè)化”......更具流動(dòng)性的家庭。可推知空格處應(yīng)填表示“需要，需求”的詞。requires表示出自一種迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明顯選擇M)requires。

　　7. 選E)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，用來修飾名詞components。文中說明家庭被減縮到最......的成員，即由男人和女人組成，男人和女人是一個(gè)家庭最基本的成員。選項(xiàng)中的E)elemental“基本的，本質(zhì)的”，而N)primary“主要的，最早的”，原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是男人和女人是一個(gè)家庭最basic的組成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。

　　8.選l)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。上段說兩人家庭的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”，說明晚要孩子是解決工作和孩子的折中的辦法，故選項(xiàng)中的L)compromise“妥協(xié)，折中”符合文意。而solution雖然也表示解決辦法，但不能表達(dá)夫婦們無可奈何的心情，故排除。

　　9.選F)。上題中已提到工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾即conflict，根據(jù)上下文意思，這個(gè)題相對容易。

　　10.選I)。這段一直在說一個(gè)家庭里男人和女人因?yàn)楣ぷ骱鸵�孩子的事情發(fā)生爭吵，那么將來要解決這個(gè)問題的仍然是家庭中的夫妻兩人，故這里應(yīng)填I(lǐng))couples。