2018年英語四級閱讀理解題庫：美國人的睡眠欠債

　　American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep". Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven. " Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. " We have to totally change our attitude toward napping", says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. ? Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt, The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half?hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. ? About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase"also called"a secondary sleep gate. "Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. ? We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut?eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we"snack"on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.

　　這是一篇說明文，討論了nap(小睡，打盹)及睡眠充足的積極意義。這是一個被人們忽視或誤解已久的問題，作者試圖在文中糾正人們的錯誤觀點。

　　1. It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is ______ .

　　A) unreasonable B) criminal C) harmful D) costly

　　2. The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans ______ .

　　A) don't like to take naps

　　B) are terribly worried about their national debt

　　C) sleep less than is good for them

　　D) have caused many industrial and traffic accidents

　　3. The purpose of this article is to ______ .

　　A) warn us of the wickedness of napping

　　B) explain the danger of sleepiness

　　C) discuss the side effects of napping

　　D) convince the reader of the necessity of napping

　　4. The "American sleep debt"( Line 1, Para. 3) is the result of ______ .

　　A) the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep

　　B) the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration

　　C) the rapid development of American industry

　　D) the Americans' worry about the danger of sleepiness

　　5. The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is ______ .

　　A) preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift

　　B) good practice to eat something light before we go to bed

　　C) essential to make up for cost sleep

　　D) natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it

　　參考答案及解析

　　1、[答案及分析]：[A]事實辨認(rèn)題。美國社會中被普遍接受的觀點是過多的睡眠具有下列哪個特征。A項意為“不合理的”，B項意為“有罪的”，C項意為“有害的”，D項意為“代價高的”。根據(jù)第一段第一句和最后一句可知A恰當(dāng)。因為美國人認(rèn)為“nature requires seven”(生物本能需要7個小時)。

　　2、　[答案及分析]：[C]事實辨認(rèn)題。問Dement Commission所做的研究表明了下列哪項事實。第三段說：去年，一個由Dement領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的國際委員會認(rèn)為存在“美國人的睡眠欠債”，其中一個委員會成員認(rèn)為該欠債跟國債一樣重大。委員會很關(guān)注睡眠不足的危險……。顯而易見C項正確。

　　3、[答案及分析]：[D]主旨題。問這篇文章的目的是什么。本文的主要內(nèi)容是闡述napping的重要性，必要性。

　　4、[答案及分析]：[A]歸納事實題。問“美國人的睡眠欠債”是由下列何種原因造成的。文章在第一段開頭就回答了這個問題：美國社會對napping持反對態(tài)度。第二段直接明了地對此作出評價：wrong.所以，毫無疑問正確答案為A。

　　5、[答案及分析]：[D]歸納事實題。問最后一段第二句話告訴了我們什么。最后一段第二句的意思是：不論是什么時候，什么地方，只要我們覺得有必要，就可以小寐片刻。D意為：當(dāng)我們覺得需要小睡片刻是很自然的事。與文章原意吻合，所以D項正確。