2018上半年大學(xué)英語四級聽力考試題

　　Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　Many college students today own personal computers that cost anywhere from $1,000 to perhaps $5,000 or more. (26)_______, it is not uncommon for them to purchase (27) _______costing another several hundred dollars. Twenty years ago, computers were (28) _______, but they were very large and extremely expensive. Few, if any, (29)_______purchased computers for home use. Over the years, the price of the “guts” of a computer—its memory—has declined to less than a thousandth of the price per unit of memory that prevailed twenty years ago. This is the main reason why computers cost so much less today than they used to. Moreover, (30) _______improvements have made it possible to (31) _______memory circuitry that is small enough to fit into the portable personal computers that many of us own and use. (32) _______, as the price of computation has declined the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers.

　　(33) _______, improved agricultural technology, hybrid(雜交) seeds, (34) _______animal breeding and so on have vastly increased the amount of output a typical farmer can produce. The prices of goods such as meats and grains have fallen sharply relative to the prices of most other goods and services. As agricultural prices have fallen, many households have decreased their total expenses on food. Even though the (35) _______ of a product purchased generally increases when its price falls, total expenses on it may decline.

　　Section C

　　Many college students today own personal computers that cost anywhere from $1,000 to perhaps $5,000 or more. In addition, it is not uncommon for them to purchase software costing another several hundred dollars. Twenty years ago, computers were available, but they were very large and extremely expensive. Few, if any, individuals purchased computers for home use. Over the years, the price of the“guts” of a computer—its memory—has declined to less than a thousandth of the price per unit of memory that prevailed twenty years ago. This is the main reason why computers cost so much less today than they used to. Moreover, technological improvements have made it possible to manufacture memory circuitry that is small enough to fit into the portable personal computers that many of us own and use. In short, as the price of computation has declined the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers.

　　By contrast, improved agricultural technology, hybrid seeds, scientific animal breeding and so on have vastly increased the amount of output a typical farmer can produce. The prices of goods such as meats and grains have fallen sharply relative to the prices of most other goods and services. As agricultural prices have fallen, many households have decreased their total expenses on food. Even though the quantity of a product purchased generally increases when its price falls, total expenses on it may decline.

　　Section C參考答案

　　26.【答案解析】In addition 空格處位于句首，且用逗號與其所在句隔開。鑒于該句主干結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格處所填詞(組)應(yīng)作狀語，修飾整個句子。其形式可以是副詞(詞組)、介詞短語、動詞不定式短語、分詞(短語)等。

　　27.【答案解析】software 空格所在句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其中it作形式主語，而包含空格的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為真正的主語。此外，空前的purchase和空后的costing表明，空格處應(yīng)填名詞性質(zhì)的詞(組)作purchase的賓語，而costing作所填詞的后置定語。

　　28.【答案解析】available 空格所在處是一個由but連接的并列句，空格位于分句一中，該句缺少表語。所填詞的形式可以是名詞、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等。鑒于兩個分句為并列關(guān)系且同為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)， 由分句二的large和expensive推測，空格處填入形容詞的概率更大。

　　29.【答案解析】individuals 空格所在句中，if any為插入語，purchase為謂語，computers為賓語，for home use為目的狀語。而空格所填詞與其修飾語few一起構(gòu)成主語，由此推斷，空格處應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。進一步分析可知，purchase computers的執(zhí)行者很可能是人，故該空應(yīng)填表“人”的名詞。

　　30.【答案解析】technological 空格所在句是一個主從復(fù)合句，空格與后面的improvements一起構(gòu)成主句的主語。由此推斷，空格處可能需要improvements的前置定語，所填詞可以是名詞(動名詞)、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞等形式。

　　31.【答案解析】manufacture 空格所在句是一個主從復(fù)合句，空格位于主句中。分析后不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，該句中的it實為形式賓語，而動詞不定式短語to memory circuitry為真正的賓語。鑒于空格所在部分是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，故本空應(yīng)填入一個動詞(詞組)原形。

　　32.【答案解析】In short 空格所在句是一個主從復(fù)合句，且句子主干完整。鑒于空格位于句首且用逗號與其所在句隔開，該空應(yīng)填入一個作狀語的詞(組)，修飾整個句子。其形式可以是副詞(詞組)、介詞短語、動詞不定式短語、分詞等。

　　33.【答案解析】By contrast 與32題相似，本空同樣位于句首，且用逗號與其所在句隔開，由此推斷，該空也應(yīng)填入一個作狀語的詞(組)，修飾整個句子。其形式可以是副詞(詞組)、介詞短語、動詞不定式短語、分詞等。

　　34.【答案解析】scientific 空格所在句是一個主從復(fù)合句。分析可知，animal breeding(動物養(yǎng)殖)，improved agricultural technology(改善的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù))和hybrid seeds(雜交的種子)同為本句的并列主語。由此推斷，空格處所填詞很可能與improved和hybrid的詞性一致，作定語修飾后面的名詞breeding，故填入形容詞的可能性更大。

　　35.【答案解析】quantity 空格所在句為Even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，空格出現(xiàn)在該從句的主語部分。鑒于空格前為定冠詞the，空格后是表所屬關(guān)系的介詞of，故該空應(yīng)填入名詞性質(zhì)的詞(組)。