英譯中

　　The expansion of the universities since the beginning of World War II and the great increase in number of college graduates and ph. Ds have produced a corps of technicians, aides, speechwriters, symbol manufactures, investigators, and policy proposers who are now employed by practical men in all institutions. These people, called intellectuals in the sense that they deal with symbols and ideas, have become professionalized in exactly the same sense as the engineer. Unlike the engineer, however, these professional intellectuals are free from much of the routine grind of daily work: they carry light teaching load and enjoy government and foundation grants and subsidies for their research.

　　The professor's project budget is the initial economic base that supports his independence within the university. The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university, which takes a percentage "overhead" out of every project budget. The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator's independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts. The ability to secure contracts is a genuine talent among professional intellectuals.

　　【參考譯文】

　　第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，大學(xué)的數(shù)目不斷增長(zhǎng)，本科、甚至是博士畢業(yè)生也與日俱增，從而誕生了大批的技術(shù)人員、助手、演講稿撰寫人、徽章生產(chǎn)商、調(diào)查人員和政 策研究員，他們效力于各類務(wù)實(shí)的研究所中。這些人員主要解決符號(hào)和概念問題，與工程師幾乎一樣高度專業(yè)化，所以人們把它們稱為知識(shí)分子。然而這些人員與工程師還有所不同--他們不需從事繁重的日常例行工作，僅承擔(dān)少量教學(xué)工作，同時(shí)享受政府研究津貼或補(bǔ)貼。教授項(xiàng)目預(yù)算是其最初的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)，使得教師得以在大學(xué)里保持獨(dú)立。研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。大學(xué)的資金償還在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目預(yù)算中占有重要比例。無(wú)論來自于政府或商界，項(xiàng)目資金的重要特點(diǎn)是其建立在契約上，即不同的項(xiàng)目可以爭(zhēng)取相同的項(xiàng)目資金，因此調(diào)研人員要取得獨(dú)立，就必須得到連續(xù)的研究項(xiàng)目。獲得研究項(xiàng)目是知識(shí)分子的一種真正才能。

　　中譯英

　　經(jīng)過二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了有利的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。中國(guó)政府堅(jiān)持實(shí)行以擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需為主的發(fā)展方針，并把擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需與調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，推動(dòng)科技進(jìn)步，促進(jìn)對(duì)外開放結(jié)合起來。隨著西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，西部地區(qū)的資源優(yōu)勢(shì)， 經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)將得到充分發(fā)揮，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的質(zhì)量和水平將進(jìn)一步提高。

　　【參考譯文】

　　Thanks to the rapid (economic) development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology was laid in the western region of China. With the society enjoying a rather satisfactory stability, and the market economy system being established and improved on a daily basis, providing a favourable market environment for the western region to maintain the sustained and rapid economic growth. While focusing on its policy of expanding the western region, the Chinese government also attaches rather great importance to the restructuring of the economy, the promotion of the scentific and technological development, the deepening of the opening-up policy as well. With the stable advance in the development of the western region, the advantages of the region in resources and economy will be given full play, thus further improving the quality and standard of the economic growth.