英譯中

　　The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. Themarket’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the“market economy” designation.

　　As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeksto promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services

　　believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.

　　Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnerships and corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the

　　amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as

　　stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible.

　　中譯英

　　說(shuō)起上海老城，總會(huì)讓人和古老傳統(tǒng)的東西聯(lián)系起來(lái)，比如明代的豫園和清代的城隍廟。上海建城有700 多年歷史，但最具人文發(fā)展歷史的時(shí)期是開埠后的150 年間，諸如華洋雜居、

　　石庫(kù)門、老字號(hào)等等，都發(fā)生在開埠后的上海。

　　流傳于老城內(nèi)外的民間文化，豐富多彩。著名的“上海老城人物風(fēng)情畫卷”生動(dòng)地描繪了上海老城市民的生活百態(tài)。上海老城是歷史文明與現(xiàn)代文明的兼容并蓄，無(wú)論上海城市發(fā)展如何日新月異，她仍將記錄著上海城市發(fā)展的歷史華章。

　　英譯中

　　【參考譯文】

　　美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度主要是私有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，其中，消費(fèi)者、生產(chǎn)者和政府每天都做出經(jīng)濟(jì)決策，主要是通過(guò)價(jià)格體系。正是這三者之間的互相能動(dòng)關(guān)系才使經(jīng)濟(jì)得以運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。然而，市場(chǎng)的主要?jiǎng)恿��?lái)自生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者之間，因而就有了“市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)”這個(gè)名稱。

　　通常，消費(fèi)者花錢買東西，總想得到最大的價(jià)值;而生產(chǎn)者則想從所賣出均產(chǎn)品上獲得最高的價(jià)錢和利潤(rùn)。聯(lián)邦、州和地方各級(jí)政府要做的是增強(qiáng)公眾的安全感，確保公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，并提供一系列服務(wù)，相信這些服務(wù)性事業(yè)由公有企業(yè)來(lái)辦要比私人企業(yè)來(lái)辦更好。

　　一般說(shuō)來(lái)，企業(yè)分為三種：個(gè)體業(yè)主開辦經(jīng)營(yíng)的企業(yè)、合伙企業(yè)和股份公司。前兩者很重要，但最后一種企業(yè)才可以把許多人的投資籌集到一起聚成巨額資金。那些人作為股東，可以隨時(shí)在公開市場(chǎng)上買賣所持股票。公司制企業(yè)使開辦大型企業(yè)成為可能。

　　中譯英

　　【參考譯文】

　　The old town of Shanghai is always associated with something ancient and traditional, like theYuyuan Garden in the Ming Dynasty and Chenghuangmiao (the Town God’s Temple or the City God Temple) in the Qing Dynasty. Despite a history of more than 700 years, the 150 years since itopened to foreign traders has witnessed the greatest humane development in Shanghai. In thatperiod we have seen a Shanghai co-inhabited by Chinese locals and foreign nationals, the

　　formation of the Shanghai Painting School, the building of Shikumen (stone-framed gate) houses,

　　the development of time-honored firms or shops, and so on and so forth.

　　Shanghai’s old town and beyond then featured a colorful folk culture, with all aspects of the life of local residents vividly depicted in the famous “The Painting Scroll of Local Residents in

　　Shanghai’s Old Town”. Though Shanghai advances with each passing day, its old town, a

　　harmonious combination of ancient and modern civilization, continues to be a glorious chapter in

　　the history of the development of Shanghai city.