TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)

　　Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

　　After nearly a year of emotional arguments in Congress but no new federal laws, the national debate over the future of human cloning has shifted to the states. Six states have already banned cloning in one form or another, and this year alone 38 anti-cloning measures were introduced in 22 states.

　　The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethnical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.

　　Since 1997, when scientists announced the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, the specter of cloned babies, infants that are in essence genetic carbon copies of adults, has loomed large in the public psyche and in the minds of lawmakers.

　　Today, there is widespread argument that cloning for reproduction is unsafe and should be banned. Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases. The controversy pits religious conservatives and abortion opponents, who regard embryos as nascent human life, against patients’ groups, scientists and the biotechnology industry.

　　分析：

　　① After nearly a year of emotional arguments in Congress but no new federal laws, the national debate over the future of human cloning has shifted to the states.

　　譯文：經(jīng)歷了將近一年轟轟烈烈的 / 激烈的國(guó)會(huì)討論 // 國(guó)會(huì)經(jīng)歷了將近一年轟轟烈烈的討論，在沒有新的聯(lián)邦法律出臺(tái)后，這場(chǎng)關(guān)于人類克隆命運(yùn)的全國(guó)性大討論 / 全民大討論開始滲透 / 轉(zhuǎn)移到各州。

　　考點(diǎn)：emotional: ⑴ causing emotions 引發(fā)強(qiáng)烈感情的 eg.

　　an emotional response → 情緒激動(dòng)的 反應(yīng)

　　emotional music →抒情的音樂

　　emotional language →動(dòng)情的語言

　　⑵ having emotions that are easily excited 易激動(dòng)的 eg.

　　an emotional man 多情善感的男子

　　an emotional actor →真情實(shí)感的演員

　　增詞譯法： but no new federal laws → 沒有新的聯(lián)邦法律出臺(tái)

　　② Six states have already banned cloning in one form or another, and this year alone 38 anti-cloning measures were introduced in 22 states.

　　譯文：六個(gè)州已經(jīng)禁止了任何形式的克隆，僅今年一年， 22 個(gè)州就通過了 38 條禁止克隆的方案 / 措施 // 克隆禁令 。

　　考點(diǎn)： ban (同)： prohibit, proscribe, interdict, outlaw, disallow, exclude, bar, block, shut out

　　allow (同)： sanction, warrant, license, consent, empower, countenance

　　轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：形容詞→名詞 anti -cloning →克隆禁令

　　轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法：主被交換： were introduced →通過了

　　③⑸ The resulting patchwork of laws, ⑴ people on all sides of the issue say, ⑹ complicates a nationwide picture ⑷ already clouded by ⑶ scientific and ethnical questions ⑵ over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.

　　譯文：在克隆問題上各方人士 / 持各種立場(chǎng)的人認(rèn)為，關(guān)于是否限制克隆、如何限制克隆或索性禁止克隆的科學(xué)及倫理問題，已經(jīng)使全國(guó)性立法變得撲朔迷離。而如今各種法律東拼西湊 // 東拼西湊的法律，只會(huì)使全國(guó)性立法變得更復(fù)雜 / 使全國(guó)性立法形成步履維艱。

　　考點(diǎn)：換序譯法

　　抽象譯法： patchwork: (sing)thing made of various small pieces or parts

　　拼湊物;混雜物

　　picture: the completion of sth. 完整的東西(全國(guó)性法律)

　　轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：名詞→形容詞/動(dòng)詞 patchwork →東拼西湊

　　轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法：主被交換： already clouded by →使…變得撲朔迷離

　　具體譯法：成語法： cloud →使…變得撲朔迷離

　　complicate →使… 步履維艱

　�、� Since 1997, when scientists announced the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, the specter of cloned babies, infants (that are in essence genetic carbon copies of adults), has loomed large in the public psyche and in the minds of lawmakers.

　　譯文：當(dāng)科學(xué)家 1997 年宣告首個(gè)克隆哺乳動(dòng)物多利羊的誕生，克隆嬰兒就在人們心中埋下了陰霾，因?yàn)樗鼈兤鋵?shí) / 本質(zhì)上就是成年人的基因復(fù)制物 / 翻版，這種陰霾一直籠罩在公眾和立法者的心里。

　　考點(diǎn)：同位語的翻譯：定語前置法

　　Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal → 首個(gè)克隆哺乳動(dòng)物多利羊

　　specter: a haunting or disturbing image or prospect

　　幻影，幻象;纏繞心頭或憂慮的景象或預(yù)感：

　　定語從句的翻譯：融合法： 因果關(guān)系

　�、� Today, there is widespread argument (that cloning for reproduction is unsafe and should be banned).

　　譯文：如今已經(jīng)形成共識(shí)，即 / 認(rèn)為用于繁殖的克隆技術(shù)是危險(xiǎn)的 / 不安全的，應(yīng)當(dāng)禁止。

　　考點(diǎn)：widespread argument=consensus 共識(shí)

　　同位語從句的翻譯：增加“即”

　　具體譯法：加字法： cloning for reproduction → 用于繁殖的克隆技術(shù)

　　正反譯法： unsafe→ 危險(xiǎn)的(正譯)

　　→不安全的(反譯)

　　轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法：省略被動(dòng)詞： should be banned →應(yīng)當(dāng)禁止

　�、� Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward ⑸ the morality of ⑷ cloning embryos ⑴ for their ⑶ cells and tissues, ( ⑵ which might be used to treat diseases).

　　譯文：現(xiàn)在，爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)從制造嬰兒是否違背倫理，轉(zhuǎn)到為提取用于治療疾病的細(xì)胞和組織而克隆胚胎是否違背道德。

　　考點(diǎn)：換序譯法

　　名詞詞組譯為分句： the ethics of baby-making→ 制造嬰兒是否違背倫理

　　the morality of cloning embryos→ 克隆胚胎是否違背道德

　　增詞譯法： for their cells and tissues→ 為提取細(xì)胞和組織

　　定語從句的翻譯：前置法

　　轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法：省略被動(dòng)詞： might be used→ 用于

　�、� The controversy pits religious conservatives and abortion opponents, (who regard embryos as nascent human life), against patients’ groups, scientists and the biotechnology industry.

　　譯文：爭(zhēng)議雙方勢(shì)不兩立：一方是認(rèn)為胚胎是新生命的宗教保守分子和墮胎反對(duì)者，另一方為患者群體、科學(xué)家和從事生物技術(shù)相關(guān)人員。

　　考點(diǎn)： pit…against…: to set in direct opposition or competition:

　　使對(duì)立：置于直接對(duì)立或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的位置：

　　eg. a war that pitted brother against brother

　　一場(chǎng)兄弟之間直接對(duì)立的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)

　　nascent (同)： incipient, budding, embryonic

　　增詞譯法： the biotechnology industry→ 從事 生物技術(shù)相關(guān)人員