President Barack Obama leaves early Monday for the Group of Eight summit in Northern Ireland and a visit to Berlin. The conflict in Syria and U.S. surveillance policies will be among the main topics of discussion.

　　八國集團(tuán)首腦會議結(jié)束之后，美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬將開始對德國進(jìn)行首次訪問。奧巴馬訪德期間，敘利亞問題以及美國監(jiān)管政策也是重要議題。

　　While the G8 is normally considered an economic summit, this year’s gathering at a resort in Northern Ireland will address the bloodshed in Syria…and whether eight of the world’s most influential countries can stop it.

　　盡管八國集團(tuán)首腦會議通常被認(rèn)為是經(jīng)濟(jì)峰會，但是這次峰會的重點卻是如何解決或制止敘利亞的流血沖突。

　　Russian President Vladimir Putin is the only G8 leader who supports Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. He is seen as the key to any G8 agreement on Syria, according to Scheherazade Rehman, the director of Europe studies at George Washington University.

　　俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京是八國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人中唯一一位支持?jǐn)⒗麃喛偨y(tǒng)巴沙爾·阿薩德的人。喬治華盛頓大學(xué)歐洲研究所主任謝赫拉扎德·雷哈姆指出，普京被看做是八國集團(tuán)在敘利亞問題上能否達(dá)成共識的關(guān)鍵人物。

　　“Putin loves this kind of stuff," Rehman said. "He is the center of attention at this particular juncture. He knows that, without him, no peace deal can be brokered with Assad.”

　　他說：“普京喜歡充當(dāng)這樣的角色。在這個關(guān)鍵時刻，他成了人們就關(guān)注的焦點。他很清楚這一點，沒有他，就沒有指望與阿薩德達(dá)成和平協(xié)議�！�

　　Presidents Obama and Putin will meet separately at the G8, and Syria will likely be the main topic there, too, says James Goldgeier, Dean of the American University School of International Service.

　　美利堅大學(xué)國際事務(wù)學(xué)院院長詹姆斯·戈德蓋爾表示，奧巴馬與普京在八國峰會期間舉行單獨會面，而敘利亞問題是雙方談?wù)摰闹饕�話題。

　　“[The] best that probably could be hoped for is, again, a push for an international conference, at which the different parties in the Syrian conflict would actually attend," said Goldgeier. "And whether or not they can achieve that, or whether or not events on the ground are preventing that from happening, remains to be seen.”

　　他說：“現(xiàn)在所能想到的最佳解決辦法就是召開國際會議，讓與敘利亞沖突有關(guān)的各方都參與進(jìn)來。然而他們到底能否召開這樣一次會議，或沖突的現(xiàn)狀是否會阻礙各方參加這樣的會議，現(xiàn)在還不得而知�！�

　　However, Goldgeier believes the U.S. and Russian presidents can work together on some other issues.

　　可是，戈德蓋爾認(rèn)為，美國總統(tǒng)和俄羅斯總統(tǒng)可以一起就一些其他的問題進(jìn)行商討。

　　“They both have a strong interest in counterterrorism. I think both sides have an interest in seeing that Iran does not develop nuclear weapons. They have an interest in trying to defuse the situation on the Korean Peninsula,” he added.

　　他說：“美俄均對反恐持有極大興趣。我認(rèn)為，他們都不希望看到伊朗繼續(xù)發(fā)展核武器，也都希望能在緩和朝鮮半島的緊張局勢上有所作為�！�

　　The Lough Erne Golf Resort Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, June 13, 2013.While in Northern Ireland, Obama also wants to push forward talks toward a major U.S.-European Union free trade agreement, which could boost jobs and growth by eliminating tariffs and other barriers.

　　在八國集團(tuán)峰會期間，奧巴馬也努力推動就建立“美歐自由貿(mào)易區(qū)”開展談判，通過取消關(guān)稅和消除其他貿(mào)易壁壘來促進(jìn)就業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。

　　The president is likely to be confronted with the issue of U.S. government surveillance, both at the summit and when he meets with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin later in the week.

　　無論是八國峰會，還是之后與德國總理默克爾的會晤，奧巴馬很難避免各方對美國政府監(jiān)視計劃提出問題。

　　Rehman said the issue might complicate their meeting. “NSA had put that program in place to spy on Middle East intelligence. It has now since come out that this has been in Europe and particularly Germany as well," he noted. "And the German public are in a bit of an uproar about this. Rightly so, because they believe that the U.S. is infringing on basic civil rights, not only in the U.S., but it is extending to Western Europe now.”

　　謝赫拉扎德·雷哈姆認(rèn)為這會使他們的會晤變得復(fù)雜。他說：“美國國家安全局當(dāng)初制定那個計劃是為了搜集中東的情報，可是現(xiàn)在卻發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)蔓延到了歐洲，特別是德國。德國民眾對此表現(xiàn)出極大的反感和不安。他們認(rèn)為美國這樣做是在侵犯民權(quán)，不但在美國，而且在西歐�！�

　　Obama also will speak at Berlin’s Brandenburg Gate, near where he addressed an estimated 200,000 people during his 2008 presidential campaign.

　　奧巴馬將在柏林的勃蘭登堡門發(fā)表演說。在2008年總統(tǒng)大選期間，他曾到距離這里不遠(yuǎn)的地方向20萬民眾發(fā)表講話。