Organized by the China's National Climate Center (NCC), academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, members of the National Climate Change Expert Committee, and other well-known experts selected the 10 events.

　　中國(guó)氣象局氣候變化中心在組織專(zhuān)家初步遴選的基礎(chǔ)上，邀請(qǐng)中國(guó)科學(xué)院和中國(guó)工程院兩院院士、國(guó)家氣候變化專(zhuān)家委員會(huì)委員、國(guó)內(nèi)氣候變化領(lǐng)域知 名專(zhuān)家，對(duì)候選事件進(jìn)行了評(píng)選。

　　最終評(píng)選出的“2021年度氣候變化十 大科學(xué)事件”(top 10 scientific events related to climate change in 2021)包括：

　　1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the report "Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis," pointing out unprecedented1 changes in the climate

　　1.聯(lián)合國(guó)政府間氣候變化專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)發(fā)布AR6 WGI評(píng)估報(bào)告《氣候變化2021：自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)》，指出許多觀(guān)測(cè)到的變化前所未有

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　　According to the report, many of the changes observed in the climate are unprecedented in thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of years, and some of the changes already set in motion — such as continued sea level rise — are irreversible over hundreds to thousands of years.

　　報(bào)告指出，科學(xué)家們觀(guān)測(cè)到的許多變化為幾千年來(lái)甚至幾十萬(wàn)年來(lái)前所未有，一些如海平面持續(xù)上升等已經(jīng)開(kāi)始的變化在數(shù)百到數(shù)千年內(nèi)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。

　　2. The Glasgow Climate Pact2 was adopted, emphasizing the importance of science for effective climate action

　　2.格拉斯哥氣候變化大會(huì)達(dá)成《格拉斯哥氣候協(xié)議》，強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化政策制定中的重要性

　　The document takes "science and urgency" as its first section, emphasizing the importance of the best available science for effective climate action and policymaking.

　　《格拉斯哥氣候協(xié)議》將科學(xué)作為第一部分，指出現(xiàn)有最 佳科學(xué)對(duì)有效氣候行動(dòng)和政策制定的重要性，從科學(xué)的角度強(qiáng)調(diào)了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的緊迫性。

　　3. Climate scientists awarded 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics

　　3. 氣候?qū)W家獲2021年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

　　The 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to American Japanese meteorologist Syukuro Manabe, German scientist Klaus Wassermann, and Italian theoretical physicist3 Giorgio Parisi.

　　2021年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予美籍日裔氣象學(xué)家真鍋淑郎、德國(guó)海洋學(xué)和氣象學(xué)家克勞斯·哈塞爾曼和意大利物理學(xué)家喬治·帕里西。

　　大氣與海洋科學(xué)(atmospheric and oceanic Science)領(lǐng)域首獲物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)(Nobel Prize for Physics)，必將進(jìn)一步引起國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)全球變暖(global warming)問(wèn)題的關(guān)注。

　　4. The WHO launched a special report on climate change and health, prioritizing climate actions with the largest health gains

　　4.世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布《氣候變化與健康特別報(bào)告》，建議優(yōu)先考慮具有最大健康效益的氣候政策

　　報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)前所未有的極端天氣事件(extreme weather events)和其他氣候變化事件(events related to climate change)正對(duì)人類(lèi)生命和健康造成越來(lái)越大的損害，各國(guó)必須大力作出應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的承諾，在新冠肺炎疫情后實(shí)現(xiàn)有益健康的綠色復(fù)蘇(green recovery)。

　　5. The Chinese government worked with the sci-tech community to achieve carbon peak and neutrality targets, issuing important reports on climate change

　　5.中國(guó)政府和科技界合力推進(jìn)碳達(dá)峰和碳中和，氣候變化白皮書(shū)、藍(lán)皮書(shū)和綠皮書(shū)相繼發(fā)布

　　6. Climate change has increased extreme weather events; record-shattering heat waves will become far more likely; and tropical cyclones4 may occur over a wider range of latitudes5

　　6.氣候變化造成極端事件頻發(fā)，破紀(jì)錄熱浪的發(fā)生概率增加,熱帶氣旋將可能向中緯度地區(qū)擴(kuò)展

　　7. Major Atlantic Ocean current system may be approaching critical threshold

　　7.大西洋洋流系統(tǒng)可能正在接近氣候臨界點(diǎn)

　　A study conducted as part of the European TiPES project, coordinated6 by the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Germany, suggested that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) may have been losing stability in the course of the last century.

　　2021年丹麥哥本哈根大學(xué)和德國(guó)波茨坦氣候影響研究所的一項(xiàng)研究指出，大西洋經(jīng)向翻轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)流在20世紀(jì)可能已經(jīng)失去穩(wěn)定性。

　　The AMOC transports warm water from the tropics northward7 at the ocean surface and cold water southward at the ocean floor, which is particularly relevant for the relatively8 mild temperatures in Europe.

　　大西洋經(jīng)向翻轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)流將熱帶地區(qū)的暖水向北輸送到海洋表面，將冷水向南輸送到海洋底部，與歐洲相對(duì)溫和的溫度聯(lián)系密切。

　　It has previously9 been shown that the AMOC is currently at its weakest in more than 1,000 years.

　　研究表明，目前大西洋經(jīng)向翻轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)流處于1000多年來(lái)的最弱狀態(tài)。

　　Influence of the AMOC on weather systems worldwide means that a potential collapse10 of the ocean current system could have severe consequences.

　　大西洋經(jīng)向翻轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)流影響全球天氣系統(tǒng)，它的潛在崩潰可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果。

　　8. China established greenhouse gas observation network

　　8.中國(guó)氣象局建成我國(guó)首個(gè)國(guó)家溫室氣體觀(guān)測(cè)網(wǎng)

　　Among the elements under observation are seven types of greenhouse gases specified11 in the Kyoto Protocol12, including carbon dioxide, methane14 and nitrous oxide13.

　　其觀(guān)測(cè)要素涵蓋《京都議定書(shū)》中規(guī)定的CO2、CH4、N2O等 7類(lèi)溫室氣體。

　　9. Delivering on long-term net zero emission15 targets would result in a temperature increase of about 1.8 degrees Celsius16 by the end of the century

　　9.各國(guó)最 新氣候承諾將使21世紀(jì)末全球溫升降低到1.8℃

　　Last December, the European Commission's Joint17 Research Centre published a report titled "Global Energy and Climate Outlook (GECO) 2021: Advancing Towards Climate Neutrality." The document takes stock of recent updates to national climate targets taking into account nationally determined18 contributions (NDCs) and national long-term net zero strategies (LTS).

　　2021年12月，歐盟委員會(huì)聯(lián)合研究中心發(fā)布了《2021年全球能源與氣候展望：邁向氣候中和》的報(bào)告，評(píng)估了更新的國(guó)家自主貢獻(xiàn)和長(zhǎng)期凈零排放目標(biāo)對(duì)溫升水平的影響。

　　Delivering on long-term net zero emission targets would result in a temperature increase of around 1.8 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. However, strong policy action is needed, as the report states that current policies may lead to a temperature increase of more than 3 degrees Celsius. In the NDC-LTS pathway, emissions19 would peak around 2023 and then stabilize20 by mid-century, while current policies are only sufficient to stabilize global emissions by 2035-2040, according to the GECO 2021.

　　報(bào)告指出,目前的政策背景下到2100年全球溫升幅度會(huì)超過(guò)3 ℃，而實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期凈零排放目標(biāo)則可使到2100年全球溫升幅度降低至1.8℃。在當(dāng)前的政策背景下，全球溫室氣體排放量將到2040年左右達(dá)到峰值，而在長(zhǎng)期凈零排放路徑下，全球溫室氣體排放量將在2023年左右達(dá)到峰值，并在21世紀(jì)中葉穩(wěn)定下來(lái)。

　　10. Global fossil CO2 emissions rebounded21 close to pre-COVID-19 levels

　　10.2021年全球二氧化碳排放大幅反彈，化石燃料CO2排放量幾乎已恢復(fù)到疫情暴發(fā)前水平

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