For most of the 1990s, CEOs of Old Economy companies struggled to turn slow-moving organizations into nimbler, more flexible outfits. The truth is, real transformations are the exception rather than the rule. Changing the core values, the attitudes, and the fundamental relationships of a vast organization is overwhelmingly difficult.// Enron tumbled down. Enron didn't fail because of improper accounting or alleged corruption at the top. It also failed because of its entrepreneurial

　　culture---- the very reason Enron attracted so much attention and acclaim. Too much emphasis on earnings growth and individual initiative, coupled with a shocking absence of the usual corporate checks and balances.// What constitutes entrepreneurial culture? In the narrow sense, it refers to some fundamental spirit and agglomerating

　　force that come into being in the production and management practices of an enterprise, as well as the common values and norms of behavior shared by the whole staff.// In the broad sense, entrepreneurial culture also includes the culture of specific personnel in the enterprise, namely, the cultural psychological structure and cultural quality of the executives of the enterprise as well as the cultural behavior of the staff members.//

　　二十世紀(jì)九十年代的大部分時(shí)間里，舊經(jīng)濟(jì)公司的首席執(zhí)行官們都在努力地將運(yùn)作緩慢的公司朝著敏捷，更富有彈性的公司轉(zhuǎn)型。但實(shí)際情況是，真正轉(zhuǎn)型成功的公司是極個(gè)別的例子。 轉(zhuǎn)變一家大型公司的核心理念，態(tài)度和基本關(guān)系極其困難。//安然栽了。安然的失敗并不僅僅是因?yàn)楣�司做了假帳或者所謂的高層腐敗，其失敗的原因還應(yīng)歸咎于公司的企業(yè)文化，正是這種企業(yè)文化曾經(jīng)使安然應(yīng)人注目，備受青睞。過分強(qiáng)調(diào)收益的增長(zhǎng)和個(gè)人的主動(dòng)性，加上缺乏那種常規(guī)的公司制約平衡機(jī)制。//那么什么是企業(yè)文化?狹義上來說，它指的是企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)踐中行成的一種基本精神和凝聚力，以及全體職工共同具有的價(jià)值觀念和行為準(zhǔn)則。//從廣義的角度上來說，企業(yè)文化還包括企業(yè)人員的文化，即企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人員的文化心理、文化素養(yǎng)以及員工的文化行為。//