1、溫家寶總理談中國政治體制改革(《華盛頓郵報》采訪)
A:中國的經(jīng)濟改革發(fā)展迅速,使得中國在短期內(nèi)取得高速增長。中國是否需要加快政治改革以跟上經(jīng)濟改革的步伐?
B:China embarked on the road to reform and opening up in 1978. Our reform is a comprehensive one which includes both economic and political restructuring. Precisely as Mr. Deng Xiaoping pointed out, without political reform, economic reform would not be successful. In essence, political restructuring in China aims at integrating the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the people’s role as masters of their own affairs, and the rule of law in the conduct of public affairs.
At present, it is particularly important to do a good job with regard to the following. First of all, we should develop democracy to safeguard people’s democratic rights and to respect and protect their human rights. Secondly, we should improve the legal system through better legislation, better administration according to the law, and greater judicial reform. Thirdly, we should run the country according to the law, making our socialist democracy more institutionalized, standardized and regularized, and in this way we can make sure that it will not change because of changes in the leadership or changes in the views and priorities of leaders. Fourthly, we must strengthen supervision, and we should make sure that the government is placed under the supervision of the people. We have to develop democracy and strengthen supervision. Only in this way can we make sure the government will not relent in its efforts, and this would help avoid a situation whereby the government would be a failure.
China is a big country with 1.3 billion people. So, political reform should be pressed ahead in an orderly fashion and in a well-organized manner. Now there exist many misunderstandings. For instance, with regard to freedom of religious belief. Freedom of religious belief is clearly written into China’s constitution. China currently has over 100 million religious followers and over 100,000 religious sites.
Since the beginning of the reform and opening up, one religious site has been either built or restored every three days. There are quite a number of religious sites around the Zhongnanhai. For instance, to the east of Zhongnanhai, there’s the Wangfujing Catholic Church. To the south, there’s the Islamic mosque on Niujie Street. To the north, there’s the Yonghe Buddhist Monastery. To the west is the Baiyun Taoist Temple. Nearest to Zhongnanhai is the famous Sishiku Catholic Church, which has a long history in China. If you visit these religious sites, I’m sure you will see people practicing their religious faith.
A:今后中國在政治改革方面還會有什么步驟?比如說現(xiàn)在的直接選舉,是否會從基層推進到鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)?
B: At the moment, we have introduced the practice of self-administration and direct elections in 680,000 villages. This is a great innovation, and it is also very good practice for Chinese farmers. We have also introduced suffrage for the election of people’s deputies at the level of townships, counties and urban cities without districts. Indirect elections are held for the leadership of the provinces, and of municipalities with districts, as well as for the central authorities. Why? This is because China is such a huge country with such a big population. It is still underdeveloped, and economic development is uneven between regions. So conditions are not ripe for direct elections at the higher levels. The fist hindrance in my view is the inadequate education level of the population.
2、《華盛頓郵報》總編談中國
有人說,《華盛頓郵報》經(jīng)常把中國描繪成一個“共產(chǎn)主義的專制國家”,那里的人民“沒有民主,沒有自由”。他們問為什么《華盛頓郵報》對這些負面的字眼如此感興趣?對此,我不能贊同。首先,包括《華盛頓郵報》和《紐約時報》在內(nèi),幾乎所有的美國大報今天都不再將中國稱為“專制國家”!度A盛頓郵報》已經(jīng)有很長時間不再使用這類詞匯了。今天,我們依然稱中國為“共產(chǎn)黨國家”,那是因為這是一個事實,中國確實是由共產(chǎn)黨所統(tǒng)治的。
今天,《華盛頓郵報》正在努力嘗試去理解中國的復(fù)雜性。去年本報就發(fā)表了好幾篇有關(guān)中國市民社會的長篇報道。這些報道主題多樣,內(nèi)容涉及到網(wǎng)絡(luò)、工人、政府與個體的沖突等等。這些報道全面反映了中國的復(fù)雜性。
中國是一個大國,每天都在發(fā)生很多不同的事情,這些事情很多是自相矛盾的。比如,中國的經(jīng)濟成就在短時間內(nèi)讓成千上萬的老百姓脫離貧困,這是人類歷史上任何其他國家都望塵莫及的。但同時中國也面臨許多矛盾。全世界都在拭目以待,看中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人如何解決這些矛盾。
我們都應(yīng)該向中國學(xué)習(xí)。中國對我們未來生活的影響將會越來越大。在過去的50年中,美國發(fā)生的一切影響到了全世界眾多地方。今天,中國的作用與美國有異曲同工之妙。 作為正在崛起的經(jīng)濟大國,中國將對世界——包括美國——發(fā)揮卻來越大的影響力,尤其是在經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域。中國人民將很快接受這樣一個事實,那就是中國發(fā)生的事情將對世界產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。
我到過中國三次。第一次是在1999年。第二次是2001年3月,期間我有幸采訪了中國國家主席江澤民。第三次是2003年11月,期間我又采訪了中國國務(wù)院總理溫家寶。中國有令人難以置信的活力,中國文化也是如此豐富多彩。每次到中國,我都感覺自己看到了世界的未來。中國是個極富魅力的國家。每次到中國,我都看到學(xué)到了一些新東西。中國的景色無與倫比,發(fā)展?jié)摿薮。我認為,中國如何應(yīng)對今后的挑戰(zhàn)將決定這個星球的未來。
我認為自己沒有資格來評價中國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。每次采訪中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的時候,我都深切感到他們準備充分、專注投入、知識淵博,對中國在世界舞臺上扮演的角色中滿了自信。**【中國如此龐大,有這么多的問題需要對付,人民貧富差距如此之大,世界上恐怕再也找不出比管理中國更復(fù)雜的工作了。】這比當美國總統(tǒng)難得多,盡管兩者有諸多不同之處。
3、與中國的理智關(guān)系——霍華德歡迎胡錦濤訪問澳大利亞聯(lián)邦議會
尊敬的眾議長先生、參議長先生:
我代表澳大利亞政府及各位議員,熱烈歡迎人民共和國主席胡錦濤來到澳大利亞聯(lián)邦議會,同時也歡迎胡夫人以及中方的所有成員。
毫不夸張地說,若是在10年前,這樣的訪問活動是非常不可能發(fā)生的。同樣,要是在10年前,我也無法想象作為澳大利亞的總理,我能有機會在北京對中國共產(chǎn)黨中央黨校的官員做演講。而在2002年,我作為西方中右派政黨的領(lǐng)袖,我確實這樣做了。
我認為,這說明了幾個問題。這說明世界已經(jīng)發(fā)生了一些變化。這說明澳中關(guān)系具有理智的特征,因為2002年我的訪問和今天胡主席的來訪并沒有以兩國犧牲各自獨特的傳統(tǒng)為條件。我認為澳中關(guān)系是成熟而務(wù)實的,是以日趨緊密的人員往來為基礎(chǔ)的。兩國處于不同的社會,擁有不同的文化、傳統(tǒng)和歷史,完全沒有必要回避這一事實。可以說,澳大利亞兩大政治派別的歷屆政府一直努力在兩國關(guān)系中體現(xiàn)這一事實,這對雙方都有巨大而長遠的好處。
因此,從這幾點來說,澳中關(guān)系是非常成熟和務(wù)實的關(guān)系。人員往來是極其重要的,我可以這樣說,如今在澳大利亞最普遍的外語是漢語的一種方言。3%的澳洲人口,也就是超過55萬人,具有中國血統(tǒng)。就我個人而言,在我所代表的碧尼龍選區(qū),13.3%的選民具有中國血統(tǒng)。澳大利亞的中國留學(xué)生達到了34,000人。
……
胡主席、胡夫人,非常歡迎你們的來訪。感謝你們的到來,祝你們身體健康。相信你們會受到澳大利亞人民的熱烈歡迎,他們會以行動展示出他們對兩國關(guān)系的重視。
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