第一段：So where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In our modern context, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion.
哪里形成了金融聯(lián)系，當(dāng)?shù)氐纳钯|(zhì)量就會很快改善。在現(xiàn)代背景下，更深層次的金融互聯(lián)互通可以通過幾個重要渠道來實(shí)現(xiàn)。我今天想強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個渠道：加強(qiáng)資本流動和改善金融包容性。
第二段：First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment —FDI — is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs. Of course, there are also challenges that come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability.
第一，確保資本更自由地流動。允許資本跨境流動能幫助支持包容性增長。目前，發(fā)展中國家的外國直接投資(FDI)僅占GDP的1.9%;而在全球金融危機(jī)之前，這個數(shù)字是2.5%。為推進(jìn)主要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)進(jìn)展，需要再次增加資本流動規(guī)模，并以安全的方式對其進(jìn)行管理。對資本流動更加開放也能降低融資成本，提高金融部門效率，允許資本支持生產(chǎn)性投資和新增就業(yè)。當(dāng)然，資本市場開放也會帶來挑戰(zhàn)。幸運(yùn)的是，我們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲悉了成功所需的要素，包括完善的金融監(jiān)管、透明的投資規(guī)則以及關(guān)注財政可持續(xù)性。
第三段：Second, We also need increased financial inclusion. A few numbers: close to half of the adult popu-lation in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand, the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011。
第二，我們還需要改善金融包容性。這里列舉幾個數(shù)字：亞太地區(qū)中低收入經(jīng)濟(jì)體近一半的成年人口沒有銀行賬戶。曾向金融機(jī)構(gòu)借款的人口比重不到10%。然而我們知道，各國若要在21世紀(jì)繁榮發(fā)展，彌合金融缺口是一項“必須完成的經(jīng)濟(jì)任務(wù)”。國際貨幣基金組織的分析表明，如果亞洲金融包容性最弱的國家將金融缺口縮窄至泰國的水平，這些國家的貧困率能降低近4%。如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)?一方面，制定能使更多婦女和農(nóng)村居民獲得金融服務(wù)的政策。在發(fā)展中國家，婦女面臨的金融性別缺口約為9%，且自2011年來基本保持不變。
第四段：There is no quick fix, but we know that Fintech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own.
這個問題沒有快 速解決之道，但我們知道金融科技能發(fā)揮催化作用。例如，柬埔寨通過強(qiáng)有力的公私合作關(guān)系支持移動金融發(fā)展，自2011年來微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)的數(shù)量增加了兩倍。目前，這些機(jī)構(gòu)已向200多萬個新借款者提供貸款，占成年人口的比重接近20%，這些公民很多從未開立銀行賬戶。現(xiàn)在，他們可以通過儲蓄規(guī)劃未來，甚至也許可以自行創(chuàng)業(yè)。
第五段：These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. The IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda last October, which lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion.
這些理念適用于所有國家，但這些國家必須有意愿開展合作并相互學(xué)習(xí)。國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行去年10月啟動了“巴厘島金融科技議程”。該議程闡述的核 心原則——從發(fā)展金融市場到維護(hù)金融誠信——能幫助所有國家，因?yàn)槠渲荚诟纳平鹑诎菪浴?/p>
02
英譯漢第二篇：
節(jié)選自Nasa to pretend asteroid is about to smash into Earth。
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第一段：NASA is going to pretend a deadly asteroid is on its way, to practise for a real one. The “tabletop exercise” will allow the space agency and the other government organisations that will be tasked with responding to such an event to simulate their response, ahead of the possibility of a real example. The scenario will see a very realistic but nonetheless fictional disaster, in which an asteroid will be headed for Earth. The scenario has been developed by one of the Nasa organisations tasked with studying such near-earth objects, or NEOs. Such exercises are used across the disaster response sector, to ensure that the real responses are as fast and effective as possible.
第二段：“These exercises have really helped us in the planetary defense community to understand what our colleagues on the disaster management side need to know,” said Johnson, NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer. “This exercise will help us develop more effective communications with each other and with our governments.” Nasa and other organisations have spent more than 20 years scanning the skies for NEOs, looking for asteroids and comets that come within 30 million miles of Earth’s orbit. Groups such as Nasa’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO行星防御協(xié)調(diào)辦公室) as well as the European Space Agency’s Space Situational Awareness-NEO Segment(歐洲航天局空間態(tài)勢感知近地天體部門) and the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN國際小行星預(yù)警系統(tǒng)) have been working to better communicate the danger that such objects pose to Earth.
第三段：There is no strict script in such an exercise. Instead, it will be used to test out how NEO observers, space agency officials, emergency managers, decision makers and citizens would respond to the threat of an impact. Those taking part will discuss possible preparations: how they would explore the asteroid, work out the best ways of deflecting it and dealing with its impact effects. Nasa has already participated in such exercises, working on some with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Those exercises brought representatives from a variety of different federal agencies, including the departments of Defense and State.
第四段：Previous exercises showed that the focus of emergency management officials was not on scientific details. Instead, they just want to know when, where and how an asteroid will hit the Earth, as well as what sort of damage is done. Nasa continues to work on that science, however, in an attempt to better improve humanity’s ability to predict the exact location and effects of any impact.
第五段：“NASA and FEMA will continue to conduct periodic exercises with a continually widening community of US government agencies and international partners,” said Lewis of the Response Operations Division for FEMA. “They are a great way for us to learn how to work together and meet each other’s needs and the objectives laid out in the White House National NEO Preparedness Action Plan.”
03
漢譯英第一篇：
漢譯英(人權(quán))
這篇和《改革開放40年中國人權(quán)事業(yè)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步》白皮書里面的內(nèi)容很相似，類似話語用紅色標(biāo)出。內(nèi)容均屬于高齋學(xué)員回憶版，僅供參考，可能會與真題稍有出入，歡迎補(bǔ)充。
新中國的70年，是為中國人民謀幸福的70年，也是為世界人民謀發(fā)展的70年。新中國人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展取得的巨大成就，有目共睹，永載史冊。
In the 70 years since its founding, the PRC has been working for the wellbeing of the people, and also for global development. Its unprecedented achievements in human rights protection have been witnessed by all and will go down in history.
中國進(jìn)一步建立并完善了適合本國國情的人權(quán)保障制度，初步形成了中國特色人權(quán)保障體系。
China has established and improved institutions for protecting human rights that are suited to its national conditions. A human rights protection system with Chinese characteristics has taken shape.
切實(shí)遵守國際人權(quán)義務(wù)。中國先后批準(zhǔn)或加入了26項國際人權(quán)文書，其中包括《經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會及文化權(quán)利國際公約》《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》《消除一切形式種族歧視國際公約》等6項聯(lián)合國核 心人權(quán)條約。
Fulfilling obligations in the international instruments>倡導(dǎo)開展國際人權(quán)交流合作。中國高度重視開展人權(quán)領(lǐng)域?qū)ν饨涣鹘煌c合作，致力于在相互尊重、開放包容、交流互鑒基礎(chǔ)上開展建設(shè)性人權(quán)對話和人權(quán)磋商。自20世紀(jì)90年代起，中國陸續(xù)與20多個國家建立人權(quán)對話或磋商機(jī)制。
Advocating and conducting international exchanges and cooperation concerning human rights. China prioritizes communication, exchanges, and cooperation with other countries in the field of human rights, and is committed to conducting constructive dialogue and consultation mechanisms for human rights protection with more than 20 other countries.
中國在大力推進(jìn)自身人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展的同時，始終堅持平等互信、包容互鑒、合作共贏、共同發(fā)展的理念，積極參與聯(lián)合國人權(quán)事務(wù)，認(rèn)真履行國際人權(quán)義務(wù)，廣泛開展國際人權(quán)合作，積極為全球人權(quán)治理提供中國智慧、中國方案，以實(shí)際行動推進(jìn)全球人權(quán)治理朝著更加公正合理包容的方向發(fā)展。
While promoting the development of its own human rights, China upholds the principles of equality and mutual trust, inclusiveness and mutual learning, cooperation and mutual benefits, and common development. It has been active in UN human rights undertakings, fulfills its international human rights obligations, conducts extensive international cooperation on human rights, actively offers Chinese wisdom and solutions for global governance of human rights, and advances through concrete actions the global governance of human rights in a fairer, more rational and inclusive direction.
助力發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展。中國注重推動廣大發(fā)展中國家人民生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，長期在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及教育、衛(wèi)生、農(nóng)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域向亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲等的發(fā)展中國家和地區(qū)提供支援和幫助。
Supporting economic and social development in other developing countries. To help the peoples of developing countries to realize their rights to subsistence and development, China has long provided assistance to other developing countries and regions in Asia, Africa, and Latin America in such fields as infrastructure, education, healthcare and agriculture.
新中國成立70年來，人權(quán)取得巨大成就。新中國成立之初，教育水平低，人口文化素質(zhì)差，小學(xué)凈入學(xué)率和初中毛入學(xué)率僅分別為20%和3%，高校在校生僅有11.7萬人，全國80%的人口是文盲。中國將人權(quán)納入憲法，得到了國際社會廣泛認(rèn)可。
Universal education expands remarkably. In the early days of the PRC, China’s education system was poor and the general level of education was low. The net primary education enrolment rate was 20 percent and the gross junior secondary education enrolment rate was only 3 percent. There were only 117,000 college students and 80 percent of the population was illiterate. Human rights have made their way into the Chinese Constitution, which has received wide recognition of the international community.
04
漢譯英第二篇：
(傳統(tǒng)民居建筑)歡迎大家補(bǔ)充
中國幅員遼闊，在漫長的歷史中，逐漸形成了多種多樣、各具地方特色的傳統(tǒng)民居建筑。
傳統(tǒng)民居建筑具有鮮明的地域特色。就讀于建筑專業(yè)的毛葛開始研究傳統(tǒng)民居建筑。她意識到，每一座傳統(tǒng)民居建筑都是工匠們忘我勞動的成果。從這些建筑中，她感覺到了過去的中國人對自己生活的深深熱愛。
80年代，城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程加快，很多傳統(tǒng)民居建筑減少;傳統(tǒng)的建造技藝、建房工具、建筑知識等逐漸被人們冷落。出生于80年代的毛葛熱愛漫畫，她希望有更多人尤其是年輕人了解到傳統(tǒng)民居建筑的美并開始保護(hù)它們。
她寫了一本書，用有趣的漫畫和通俗易懂的文字，向人們介紹了傳統(tǒng)民居建筑，展現(xiàn)了中國人民的居住文化。
