2018年翻譯資格考試中級(jí)筆譯模擬題：生態(tài)圈思維

　　漢譯英

　　從理論上講，所有受過(guò)教育的人都知道不光是人、資源和一個(gè)模糊的需要保護(hù)的環(huán)境，把世界看作是一個(gè)空氣—水—土地為整體的球體會(huì)賦予它一個(gè)全新的、不同的實(shí)際意義。從地球以外的有利地位來(lái)看，地球是一個(gè)有生命的、虛無(wú)縹緲的球體，一個(gè)有著50億年生命的奇跡。

　　人類(lèi)有一個(gè)奇怪的想法，那就是從地球上遠(yuǎn)走高飛以?huà)昝撨@個(gè)乖戾的星球�；蛟S這個(gè)沖動(dòng)對(duì)于發(fā)現(xiàn)我們究竟是誰(shuí)是必要的。也許我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)對(duì)地球感到滿(mǎn)足，直到我們?nèi)ヌ�空旅行一圈再回�?lái)，回到我們的根，回到這個(gè)我們從屬的地方。

　　對(duì)于“什么是地球?”這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案還不明確。從傳統(tǒng)的感覺(jué)上講，地球仍是給予人類(lèi)支持的環(huán)境;它的作用僅僅是增強(qiáng)人類(lèi)這種“以上帝形象創(chuàng)造的”動(dòng)物。對(duì)于具有變性的物理學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)世界是由分子、原子，固體、液體、氣體，大氣圈、水圈、巖石圈和生物圈組成的物質(zhì)世界;對(duì)于生物學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，世界是一個(gè)有機(jī)理性的有機(jī)物為了生存而展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的地方，這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是被自私所驅(qū);對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，地球是原材料和資源，這些資源如果不被人類(lèi)天才般的創(chuàng)造力轉(zhuǎn)化為市場(chǎng)商品的話(huà)就毫無(wú)價(jià)值。這些都是以人類(lèi)為中心的人本主義思想的遺留物，已經(jīng)不再合理。

　　站在深刻的生態(tài)學(xué)角度，世界現(xiàn)在被看作是一個(gè)整體。各個(gè)圈——大氣圈，水圈，巖石圈，生物圈——都是相互依賴(lài)相互聯(lián)系的，不管是以過(guò)去進(jìn)化的角度來(lái)看還是以現(xiàn)在功能的角度來(lái)看。生物休的有機(jī)經(jīng)組織是由空氣、水和土壤中的元素構(gòu)成，這些元素都帶著生命的印記。海水中的養(yǎng)分保存在有機(jī)物中，有機(jī)物對(duì)大氣層奇異的構(gòu)成也有穩(wěn)定作用。山上的植物和動(dòng)物形成石灰?guī)r，石灰?guī)r的沉積物構(gòu)成人體骨骼。我們的血液和海水相近。在地球表面，我們對(duì)生物和非生物、生命體和非生命體、有機(jī)物和無(wú)機(jī)物所作的人為劃分不光是錯(cuò)誤而且是有害的。

　　真正的世界不是人類(lèi)和分開(kāi)的“其他東西”;也不是一臺(tái)機(jī)器，這臺(tái)機(jī)器的秘密在于所分裂的各個(gè)部分。真正的世界——不同于所有的理解——是一個(gè)完整的，充滿(mǎn)了各種絕妙創(chuàng)造物的生物圈。

　　“eco”的根本意思是“家”。裸露的生物圈就是家，我們從這個(gè)家里來(lái)也在這個(gè)家里生存。多虧了美國(guó)宇航局，生態(tài)學(xué)——也就是研究我們的家園——已經(jīng)注意到我們這個(gè)大家庭的現(xiàn)實(shí)。

　　生態(tài)學(xué)需要逃離有機(jī)生物的束縛——有機(jī)物是生物學(xué)的正規(guī)課題——而將注意力放在更大范圍上。有機(jī)生物，包括人，只是這個(gè)范圍的一部分。生態(tài)學(xué)本質(zhì)主題的興趣在于地球——我們的家、生物圈，而不是分裂開(kāi)的各個(gè)組成部分。生態(tài)學(xué)研究的是整體;生物學(xué)研究的是這個(gè)整體里的有機(jī)成分，這些有機(jī)成分并不比空氣、水和土壤更重要。

　　參考譯文

　　Ecosphere thinking

　　Although in theory every educated person knows that the world is more than people, resources, and a vague environment to be protected, the very fact of seeing it as one spherical air-water-land system gives it a new and different reality. From a vantage point outside our home, a revealing perspective has shown us the planet for what it really is; a ball of living star dust, a four-and-one-billion year old miracle.

　　Perhaps the strange human desire to fly away from the planet, to “slip the surly bonds of earth,” is a necessary impulse for discovering who we are. Perhaps we can never be satisfied on earth until we have traveled away in space and come back home, back to our roots, to where we belong.

　　To the question, “what is the world?” the answers still tend to be ambiguous. In the traditional sense, the earth remains the supportive environment for humanity; merely the means for enhancement of the one animal “made in God’s image.” To physical science that has denatured reality the world is a material place of molecules and atoms, of solids, liquids and gases, of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. For biological science it is a scene wherein mechanistic organisms compete for survival, driven by selfish genes. To the economist it is raw materials and resources, valueless until transformed by the “innovative genius of man” into marketable commodities. There are our humanistic homo-centred legacies—no longer reasonable.

　　In the profounder ecological sense, the world is now known as a unity. The various spheres—atom, hydro, litho, and bio—are intertwined and related, both in the historical evolutionary sense and in the present functional sense. Organic tissues of living things are fashioned from the elements of air, water and soil which in turn bear the imprints of life. Thus, the nutrient composition of sea water is maintained by organisms which also stabilize the improbable composition of the atmosphere. Plants and animals formed the limestone in mountains whose sediments make our bones. Our blood and sea water are akin. On the earth’s surface the artificial divisions that we have made between living and non-living, biotic and abiotic, organic and inorganic, are not only false but mischievous.

　　The reality of the world is not people and separate “other things”. Nor is the earth a machine whose secrets lie in its fragmented parts. It is — beyond all understanding—an integrated ecosphere of marvelous creativity.

　　The root meaning of “eco” is “home”, and the revealed ecosphere is the home-sphere from which all life came and in which all life exists. Thanks to NASA, ecology—which means study of the home—has had its eyes opened to the reality of the Home of all homes.

　　Ecology needs to escape its obsession with organisms—the legitimate subject matter of biology—and fasten its attention on the larger whole in which organisms, including people, function as parts. Ecology’s natural subject of interest is the earth-home, the ecosphere, not its fragmentary compositional parts. Ecology studies the whole; biology studies the organic constituents of the whole that are no more important than air, water and soil.

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